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Biology

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Jul 2, 2024

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BIOG 165 Week 2 Home Activity 10 Points Download and open this document, type your answers into it like a worksheet, save your completed document, and then upload and submit your saved document to the drop box on the Canvas Home, Modules, or Assignments page. If you use any online resources to inspire your thinking, ALWAYS cite those sources of information by providing a link to the website. Learning Outcome #2: Describe the roles of organisms in ecosystems and how populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time. Biodiversity Worksheet – 10 points Step 1: Review the concepts of evolution presented here. 1 The Process of Evolution 1. Environmental pressure 2. Genetic variability 3. Successful reproduction Microevolution - Genetic changes within isolated populations occur in a short period of time (example left). Macroevolution - Speciation and other major evolutionary innovations evolve more slowly over time (example below).
Artificial selection example: Desirable traits from this wild Brassica ancestor were selected by farmers, gardeners, and plant breeders to enhance the diversity of these genetically related vegetable crops over time. Step 2: Plant breeding in agriculture is a good example of evolution in action. Research a specific example of plant breeding online and explore its evolution (e.g. choose a specific type of plant that humans have bred). How is that plant population evolving? Describe the environmental pressure, genetic variability, and successful reproduction involved in the evolution of the example you find . Copy and paste at least two websites you used to research your example, and type your explanation here. 2 points. An example of plant breeding evolution can be seen in the development of modern tomatoes from their wild ancestors. The domesticated tomato, has been selectively bred for traits such as size, taste, and resistance to diseases. The primary environmental pressures in this case are the demands for higher yield and improved fruit quality. Genetic variability is introduced by crossbreeding domesticated tomatoes with their wild relatives, like “ Solanum pimpinellifolium ,” which adds valuable alleles for desirable traits. Successful reproduction of plants with these traits ensures that the favorable genes are passed on, driving the evolution of the tomato population towards these human-desired characteristics ( BioMed Central ) ( Encyclopedia Britannica ). Sources: 2
1. https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2012-13-9-453 2. https://www.britannica.com/science/selective-breeding Step 3: With new science and technology, we are just starting to understand the biodiversity of the global ocean’s ecosystems. Watch the Oceans Observations Biodiversity Video at http://marinebio.org/oceans/conservation/biodiversity/ or https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=kXXzvGJCVAc to learn more about the biodiversity of the underwater world. Answer the following questions related to the video . Type your responses here. In what two major ways are living things affected by temperature in the world’s oceans? Explain. 1 point. Temperature affects metabolic rates in marine organisms, influencing their growth, reproduction, and survival rates. Additionally, temperature changes can cause shifts in species distributions as organisms move to areas with optimal temperatures to maintain their physiological functions. List three new technologies currently used to monitor, measure, and track life in ocean ecosystems and contribute to the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. 1 point. Three advanced technologies used to monitor ocean life include acoustic sensing, tagging, and DNA barcoding. Select one of these technologies and explain how it informs how populations, communities, and/or ecosystems change over time. 1 point. Acoustic sensing uses sound waves to monitor the presence and movement of marine species, providing data on their behavior and distribution over time. 3
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