Post LAB Experiment 2 Biochem (2)
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Centennial College *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
103
Subject
Biology
Date
Jun 7, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
11
Uploaded by SuperHumanFlamingo4372
Jagjyot Kaur (301286821) 1
Jagjyot Kaur (301286821) 2
RESULT
Table 1. Absorbance Data for the p-nitrophenol standard Standard
Absorbance Amount of p
-Nitrophenol ( nmol)
S1
0
0
S2
0.100
12.5
S3
0.196
25
S4
0.380
50
S5
0.777
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
0.1
0.2
0.38
0.78
f(x) = 0.01 x + 0
R² = 1
Standard Curve of concetration of p Nitrophenol vs Absorbance at 410nm
Concentration of pNitrophenol in nmol
Absorbance at 410nm
Equation to calculate concentration of p-Nitrophenol. x = (y-0.0004) / 0.0077
Initial rate of product formation = slope of the line = change in y/change in x
Jagjyot Kaur (301286821) 3
ACTIVITY 1
Table 2: Determination of p
Nitrophenol produced using a high and a low enzyme concentration based on p nitrophenol standards.
Cuvette
Standard That is most similar
Amount of p
Nitrophenol Produced (nmol)
H1
S4
50
H2
S5
100
H3
S5
100
L1
S3
25
L2
S4
50
L3
S5
100
Table 3: Determination of p
Nitrophenol produced using a high and a low enzyme concentration based on spectrophotometer. Cuvette
Absorbance 10
Amount of p
-Nitrophenol Produced (nmol)
H1
0.273
35.66
H2
0.321
41.12
H3
0.489
63.07
L1
0.167
21.64
L2
0.209
27.10
L3
0.380
49.30
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
21.64
27.1
49.3
0
35.66
41.12
63.07
Effect of concentration of Enzyme Cellobiase on Reaction Rate High Enzyme Concentration Low Enzyme Concentration
Time in minutes
Concetration of pNitrophenol in nmol
Using the linear portion of the curve to determine initial rate of reaction via the slope method Initial Rate of reaction for high enzyme concentration = slope of the line = (63.07-41.12)/ 8-2 = 3.66 nmol/min
Jagjyot Kaur (301286821) 4
Initial Rate of reaction for low enzyme concentration = slope of the line= (49.3-
21.64 )/ 8-1 = 3.95 nmol/min
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. Does the amount of enzyme change the initial rate of reaction? Explain why based on your
data.
Answer: The reaction rate is directly proportional to the enzyme concentration (Robinson, 2015). Increasing the amount of enzyme increases the rate of reaction, as there are more active sites available to bind substrate molecules. As seen in the graph, for the same amount of time more product is obtained when high concentration enzyme is introduced in comparison to low concentration enzyme. 2. Does the amount of enzyme change the final amount of product, assuming that you start
with the same amount of substrate and that you let each reaction proceed for a really long
time?
Answer: The amount of enzyme present affects the rate or speed of the reaction, but not the final equilibrium amount of product. For a given amount of substrate, the maximum amount of product that can be formed is determined by the stoichiometry of the reaction, not the enzyme concentration. Therefore, while a higher enzyme concentration speeds up the initial rate, allowing the equilibrium to be reached faster, it does not affect the final maximal amount of product formed from a fixed amount of starting substrate.
3. If you were a scientist who is responsible for determining the concentration of enzyme to use
in the hydrolysis process of producing sugar from cellulose, what advantage would there be.
to using a high concentration of enzyme? What disadvantage would there be to using a high?
concentration of enzyme?
Advantages of High Enzyme
Concentration
Disadvantages of High Enzyme
Concentration
Faster reaction rate due to more catalytic sites
Increased enzyme cost as enzymes is expensive
Higher initial hydrolysis yields and glucose concentrations
Enzyme inactivation at very high solid loadings due to high viscosity and poor
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
Solution
Absorbance
mg/ml aspirin
Standard solution
-
1.6 mg/mL
A
0.638
0.08 mg/mL
B
0.504
0.064 mg/mL
C
0.376
0.048 mg/mL
D
0.259
0.032 mg/mL
E
0.126
0.016 mg/mL
A = -log T where T = %T ÷ 100
Construct a callibration curve using the above data. Absorbance should be on the vertical axis and "mg/mL of acetylsalicylic acid" on the horizontal axis. The line should go through the origin.
Using the data provided, the graph you have generated, and the procedure that was used to generate the solutions which were examined by spectroscopy, calculate the amount of acetylsalicylic acid per tablet.
Commercial tablet 1 labelled as 100 mg enteric coated Absorbance = 0.16
Commercial tablet 2 labelled as 300 mg Absorbance = 0.45
Student prepared tablet from practical 5 Absorbance = 0.19
Using the data provided, the graph you have generated, and the procedure that was used…
arrow_forward
10 tab of acetaminophen 500 mg molar absorptivity= 14520 @ 243nm. The total weight of the 10tab is 5278 mg. I take a sample equivalent to 100mg of tablet and I diluted it in 100mL, I took an aliquot of 10mL and I diluted it in 250mL, of these I took 25mL and I diluted them in 250mL. Calculate the weight per tablet. Absorbance = 0.944
arrow_forward
Rx
Clindamycin phosphate 4% w/v
Propylene glycol 12.9% w/v
Purified water 11% w/v
Isopropyl alcohol ad 244 mL (Sp.G. = 0.880)
Ft. clindamycin gel
Sig.: Place thin layer onto affected areas
How many grams of isopropyl alcohol are present in a clindamycin gel that has 76 mL of
purified water? Assume negligible volume shrinkage as result of mixing these ingredients.
Answer: 415.2 (please show all work)
ANSWER IS ALREADY GIVEN PLEASE SHOW WORK IN DETAIL HOW IT COMES
arrow_forward
Benzalkonium chloride (E=0.16)
1.5g
qs
100 ml
Distilled water
0.9% Nacl solution ad
Make isotonic solution
Questions:
1. How many ml of distilled water must be
added to make the Benzalkonium chloride
preparation isotonic?
2. How many ml of 0.9% NaCl must be added
to make a 100ml solution?
arrow_forward
Thimerosal Tincture USP contains 0.1% w/v thimerosal and 50% v/v ethyl alcohol. If the cap is left off of a 15-mL bottle of the tincture, and the ethyl alcohol evaporates leaving a final volume of 9.5 mL, what is the concentration of thimerosal in the evaporated solution expressed as a ratio strength?
arrow_forward
Calculate the percentage of stated content in paracetamol tablets using the calbration curve given above and the following data: Data
• Weight of 20 tablets¼12.2243 g
• Weight of tablet powder taken¼152.5 mg
• Stated content per tablet¼500 mg
• Initial extraction volume¼200 ml.
Dilution steps
• 20 ml into 100 ml
• 10 ml into 100 ml
• Area of chromatographic peak for paracetamol extracted from the tablets¼44 519.
arrow_forward
How many mLs should be removed from your dextrose 70% bag?
arrow_forward
A sample of yeast extract has been analyzed of its invertase activity. The
effect of temperature on the invertase activity was monitored using the
same dinitrosalicylic acid assay used in your experiment in the laboratory.
Refer to the data below.
What is the amount of sucrose hydrolyzed (in mg/mL) at optimum
temperature ?
arrow_forward
Penicillin G potassium 5000 units
Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution ad 15 mL
Sig. Nose drop
Using soluble penicillin tablets, each containing 100,000 units of crystalline penicillin G
potassium, explain how you would obtain penicillin G potassium needed in compounding
the prescription.
arrow_forward
Discuss the suitability of bromocresol green and thymol blue (2nd change only) for
use as indicators in an acetic acid - sodium hydroxide titration.
Paragraph
в I
A
+ v
...
arrow_forward
11 of 11
What volume (in µL to 1 decimal place) of stock SybrSafe solution (3.4 mg/mL) would you add to 120 mL of agarose solution to give a final concentration of 0.4 pg/mL?
Answer:
Submit
< Previous Question
Assessment Navigator
Questionmark Ondemand licensed to University of Dundee
DII
DD
80
000
000
F10
F8
F9
F7
esc
F5
F6
F3
F4
F1
F2
24
...
6
7
* 00
arrow_forward
Note: total volume is 94 ml
arrow_forward
how many grams of sr(no2)2 are needed to make 200 ml of 0.300M solution of sr(no2)2
arrow_forward
help please with calculations
arrow_forward
Rf
Sample
values
0.21
В
0.39
C
0.33
0.27
Four amino acid samples were subjected to a normal-phase chromatography set up
yielded the following Rf values. Which among the samples is the least polar? E
and
O A
O B
OD
arrow_forward
A 10.00-mL aliquot of unknown oxalic acid solution required 15.44 mL of 0.011 17 M KMnO4 solution to reach the purple end point. A blank titration of 10 mL of similar solution containing no oxalic acid required 0.04 mL to exhibit detectable color. Find the concentration of oxalic acid in the unknown.
arrow_forward
Tirofiban (C22H36N2O5S MWt = 440.6) is present as tirofiban HCI monohydrate
MWt=495.1) at 0.281 mg/mL in a concentrated solution.
(C22H36N2O5S.HCI.H₂O
A solution for infusion is prepared by extracting 50 mL from a 250 mL bag of 5% glucose solution
and adding 50 mL of concentrated solution.
Sofia who weighs weighs 87 kg requires a tirofiban dose of 0.1 mcg/kg/min for 12 to 24 hours.
What would the infusion rate be (mL/h)? (Answer to 1 decimal place.)
arrow_forward
2
arrow_forward
You need to make a protein buffer of:
.
•
• 100 mM NaCl
25 mM Tris 8
5% w/v glycerol
• 2 mM DTT
Your stock solutions are:
5 M NaCl
• 2 M Tris 8
• 70% w/v glycerol
•
DTT @ 154.25 g/mol
How would you make a 1L protein buffer Solution? Show your work and describe.
arrow_forward
Protein concentration standards
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.5
1.5
2.5
Albumin concentration (mg/mL)
A standard curve of known concentrations of protein were reacted with the Biuret reagent. A linear
curve fit is presented above.
• Use the graph to estimate the concentration of an unknown sample with an A550 value of 0.416
(A rough estimate is fine. You do not need a calculator for this problem)
• Use the graph to estimate the concentration of an unknown sample with an A550 value of 0.233
• Which instrument did we use to measure the intensity of the color of proteins that reacted with
Biuret reagent?
arrow_forward
9. 3 μL of a 45 mM stock solution of a substrate is added to 8 mL of water. Calculate the
following values. The substrate molecular weight is 125 g/mol.
Substrate
volume in
mL
Dilution
factor
Substrate
number of
moles
Substrate
concentration
for the diluted
solution in mM
Substrate
concentration
for the diluted
solution in
mole/L
Substrate
concentration
for the diluted
solution in
mg/mL
arrow_forward
Tirofiban (C22H36N₂O5S MWt = 440.6) is present as tirofiban HCI monohydrate
(C22H36N2O5S.HCI.H₂O MWt=495.1) at 0.281 mg/mL in a concentrated solution.
A solution for infusion is prepared by extracting 50 mL from a 250 mL bag of 5% glucose solution
and adding 50 mL of concentrated solution.
Sofia who weighs weighs 87 kg requires a tirofiban dose of 0.1 mcg/kg/min for 12 to 24 hours.
What would the infusion rate be (mL/h)? (Answer to 1 decimal place.)
Answer:
arrow_forward
Table of caffeine standards concentration
Sample
Conc, ppm
Std1
16
Std2
32
Std3
48
Std4
64
Std5
80
If the volume used to make 100 mL of std 1 is 2 uL what is the concentration in M used to make a standard calibration curve?
The standards are going to be used to build calibration curve to analyze caffeine in an energy drink. If 500 mL of the energy drink has target of 400 mg caffeine, how will you prepare the sample if you need 10 mL for the analysis ?
. Caffeine MM=194.19 g/mol.
arrow_forward
A 5% dextrose in 1/2 normal saline (D5 1/2 NS) solution is commonly administered to patients needing post-operative IV fluids. How could you prepare 500 mL of this solution? Dextrose is 5% (m/v) and the NaCl is 0.45% (m/v).
arrow_forward
Tirofiban (C22H36N₂O5S MWt = 440.6) is present as tirofiban HCI monohydrate
MWt=495.1) at 0.281 mg/mL in a concentrated solution.
(C22H36N2O5S.HCI.H₂O
A solution for infusion is prepared by extracting 50 mL from a 250 mL bag of 5% glucose s
and adding 50 mL of concentrated solution.
Sonya who weighs weighs 60 kg requires a tirofiban dose of 0.4 mcg/kg/min for 30 minute-
What volume would remain after 30 minutes?
Answer: 94.53 mL X
The correct answer is: 236 mL
arrow_forward
You just made a 1.5M permanganate solution. What concentration is your
potassium permanganate solution in percent?
"K: 39.10 g/mole"
"Mn: 54.94 g/mole"
"O: 16 g/mole"
"MW of KMnO4 is 158.04 g/mole"
O a. 0.24%
Ob. 20.1%
O c. 15.8%
O d. 23.7%
O e. 2%
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Related Questions
- Solution Absorbance mg/ml aspirin Standard solution - 1.6 mg/mL A 0.638 0.08 mg/mL B 0.504 0.064 mg/mL C 0.376 0.048 mg/mL D 0.259 0.032 mg/mL E 0.126 0.016 mg/mL A = -log T where T = %T ÷ 100 Construct a callibration curve using the above data. Absorbance should be on the vertical axis and "mg/mL of acetylsalicylic acid" on the horizontal axis. The line should go through the origin. Using the data provided, the graph you have generated, and the procedure that was used to generate the solutions which were examined by spectroscopy, calculate the amount of acetylsalicylic acid per tablet. Commercial tablet 1 labelled as 100 mg enteric coated Absorbance = 0.16 Commercial tablet 2 labelled as 300 mg Absorbance = 0.45 Student prepared tablet from practical 5 Absorbance = 0.19 Using the data provided, the graph you have generated, and the procedure that was used…arrow_forward10 tab of acetaminophen 500 mg molar absorptivity= 14520 @ 243nm. The total weight of the 10tab is 5278 mg. I take a sample equivalent to 100mg of tablet and I diluted it in 100mL, I took an aliquot of 10mL and I diluted it in 250mL, of these I took 25mL and I diluted them in 250mL. Calculate the weight per tablet. Absorbance = 0.944arrow_forwardRx Clindamycin phosphate 4% w/v Propylene glycol 12.9% w/v Purified water 11% w/v Isopropyl alcohol ad 244 mL (Sp.G. = 0.880) Ft. clindamycin gel Sig.: Place thin layer onto affected areas How many grams of isopropyl alcohol are present in a clindamycin gel that has 76 mL of purified water? Assume negligible volume shrinkage as result of mixing these ingredients. Answer: 415.2 (please show all work) ANSWER IS ALREADY GIVEN PLEASE SHOW WORK IN DETAIL HOW IT COMESarrow_forward
- Benzalkonium chloride (E=0.16) 1.5g qs 100 ml Distilled water 0.9% Nacl solution ad Make isotonic solution Questions: 1. How many ml of distilled water must be added to make the Benzalkonium chloride preparation isotonic? 2. How many ml of 0.9% NaCl must be added to make a 100ml solution?arrow_forwardThimerosal Tincture USP contains 0.1% w/v thimerosal and 50% v/v ethyl alcohol. If the cap is left off of a 15-mL bottle of the tincture, and the ethyl alcohol evaporates leaving a final volume of 9.5 mL, what is the concentration of thimerosal in the evaporated solution expressed as a ratio strength?arrow_forwardCalculate the percentage of stated content in paracetamol tablets using the calbration curve given above and the following data: Data • Weight of 20 tablets¼12.2243 g • Weight of tablet powder taken¼152.5 mg • Stated content per tablet¼500 mg • Initial extraction volume¼200 ml. Dilution steps • 20 ml into 100 ml • 10 ml into 100 ml • Area of chromatographic peak for paracetamol extracted from the tablets¼44 519.arrow_forward
- How many mLs should be removed from your dextrose 70% bag?arrow_forwardA sample of yeast extract has been analyzed of its invertase activity. The effect of temperature on the invertase activity was monitored using the same dinitrosalicylic acid assay used in your experiment in the laboratory. Refer to the data below. What is the amount of sucrose hydrolyzed (in mg/mL) at optimum temperature ?arrow_forwardPenicillin G potassium 5000 units Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution ad 15 mL Sig. Nose drop Using soluble penicillin tablets, each containing 100,000 units of crystalline penicillin G potassium, explain how you would obtain penicillin G potassium needed in compounding the prescription.arrow_forward
- Discuss the suitability of bromocresol green and thymol blue (2nd change only) for use as indicators in an acetic acid - sodium hydroxide titration. Paragraph в I A + v ...arrow_forward11 of 11 What volume (in µL to 1 decimal place) of stock SybrSafe solution (3.4 mg/mL) would you add to 120 mL of agarose solution to give a final concentration of 0.4 pg/mL? Answer: Submit < Previous Question Assessment Navigator Questionmark Ondemand licensed to University of Dundee DII DD 80 000 000 F10 F8 F9 F7 esc F5 F6 F3 F4 F1 F2 24 ... 6 7 * 00arrow_forwardNote: total volume is 94 mlarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you