Telescopes Assignment
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Plymouth State University *
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2930
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Astronomy
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Jan 9, 2024
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Name: _____Jack Tortolani________________ Date: _______10/5/23________
Lesson 23.1: Telescopes CK-12 Assignment (50 points) True or False Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. Put a “T” for a true statement and a “F” for a false statement.
__T___ 1. Light travels faster than anything else in the universe.
___F__
2. It takes 1 light-year for light from the sun to reach Earth.
___T__ 3. When we look at stars, we are seeing back in time.
_F____
4. Visible light makes up most of the electromagnetic spectrum.
_f____ 5. EM waves with longer wavelengths have higher frequencies.
___T__ 6. The color of visible light is determined by its wavelength.
__F___
7. Hotter stars give off light with longer wavelengths.
_F____ 8. Scientists can see more clearly with space telescopes because they are closer to stars.
__T___
9. With his telescope, Galileo discovered that Jupiter has orbiting moons.
__T___
10. From the spectrum of a star, an astronomer can determine the star’s temperature.
Lesson 23.1: Critical Reading Read this passage based on the text and answer the questions that follow.
Optical Telescopes
Optical telescopes are telescopes that gather and focus visible light from distant objects and make the objects appear bigger and closer. The earliest true optical telescopes, which were made in Europe in the late 16th century, were optical telescopes. They used a combination of two curved lenses to focus light. The term telescope was coined by the Italian scientist and mathematician Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). Galileo built his first telescope in 1608 and subsequently made many improvements to telescope design, which allowed him to make important observations of our solar system and galaxy.
Optical telescopes that use lenses focus light by refracting, or bending, it. These optical telescopes are called refracting telescopes. The earliest telescopes, including Galileo’s, were all refracting telescopes. Many of the small telescopes used by amateur astronomers today are refracting telescopes. The largest refracting telescope in the world is at the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin and was built in 1897. Its largest lens has a diameter of 102 cm.
Around 1670, another famous scientist and mathematician—Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727)—built a new kind of optical telescope using mirrors instead of lenses. The mirrors were curved to reflect and focus light. This type of telescope is called a reflecting telescope. Reflecting telescopes have advantages over refracting telescopes. One advantage is that mirrors are easier than lenses to make precisely. The mirrors in a reflecting telescope are also much lighter than the heavy glass lenses in a refracting telescope, so reflecting telescopes can be larger without becoming too heavy. Larger telescopes can collect more light, so they allow scientists to view dimmer or more distant objects. The largest optical telescopes in the world today are reflecting telescopes.
Questions
1.
What is an optical telescope? When were optical telescopes first invented?
Answer: The first telescopes were invented in the late 16
th
century. They are telescopes that that use lenses focus light by refracting, or bending, it.
Compare and contrast refracting and reflecting telescopes.
Answer: A refracting telescope uses convex lenses to refract or bend light toward a focal point, while a reflecting telescope uses a concave mirror to redirect light toward a focal point
.
2.
Describe contributions to telescope technology that were made by Galileo and Newton.
Answer: Newton built a new kind of optical telescope using mirrors instead of lenses. The mirrors were curved to reflect and focus light. This type of telescope is called a reflecting telescope. Meanwhile Galileo built his first telescope which was an optical in 1608 and subsequently made many improvements to telescope design, which allowed him to make important observations of our solar system and galaxy.
Lesson 23.1: Multiple Choice Questions Highlight the letter of the correct choice.
1.
The main source of information used by astronomers to learn about objects in space is __D___.
a.
comets
b.
meteorites
c.
constellations
d.
electromagnetic waves
2.
The speed of light through space is ___B______.
a.
9.5 million m/s
b.
300 million m/s
c.
4.2 billion m/s
d.
3 billion m/s
3.
Higher frequency electromagnetic waves have ___D________.
a.
less energy
b.
longer wavelengths
c.
greater speeds
d.
none of the above
4.
EM radiation from the faintest, most distant objects in the universe are in the form of _D_____.
a.
X-rays
b.
gamma rays
c.
infrared light
d.
radio waves
5.
The first telescopes were made in Europe in the late _B______.
a.
1300s
b.
1500s
c.
1700s
d.
1900s
6.
All of the following are optical telescopes except ___A____.
a.
radio telescopes
b.
reflecting telescopes
c.
refracting telescopes
d.
catadioptric telescopes
7.
NASA’s four space-based Great Observatories were designed to view the universe __C_____.
a.
in different seasons of the year
b.
at different angles from Earth’s axis
c.
in different ranges of the EM spectrum
d.
at different distances from Earth’s surface
Lesson 23.1: Matching Questions Match each definition with the correct term listed below.
Definitions
__E___ 1. Energy that is transmitted across space as waves
__F___
2. Device that uses both mirrors and lenses to make distant objects appear larger
__g___ 3. Type of EM radiation emitted by very cool stars
__d___ 4. Type of EM radiation with the lowest frequencies
__C___ 5. Device that bends light with lenses to make distant objects appear larger
_B____ 6. Type of EM radiation with the shortest wavelengths
__A___ 7. Device that breaks down light into its component colors
Terms
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a. Spectrometer
b. Gamma waves
c. Catadioptric telescope
d. Radio waves
e. Electromagnetic radiation
f. Refracting telescope
g. Infrared light
Lesson 23.1: Fill in the Blank Questions Fill in the blank with the appropriate term from the CK-12 reading materials.
1.
Scientists who study the universe beyond Earth are called _astronomers_________
.
2.
The distance that light travels in one year is a unit called the _light year_________
.
3.
A pattern in the sky made by stars as seen from Earth is known as a(n) _
asterism
_________
.
4.
The Hubble telescope is an example of a(n) __space________
telescope.
5.
Some very hot stars emit primarily _ultra violet_________
light.
6.
Isaac Newton used mirrors to create the first _relfecting_________
telescope.
7.
Telescopes that collect radio waves instead of visible light are called ___radio_______
telescopes.
Lesson 23.1: Critical Writing Thoroughly answer the question below. Use appropriate academic vocabulary and clear and complete sentences
.
Explain what astronomers can learn about distant objects in the universe from electromagnetic radiation.
Answer: Astronomers can learn a wealth of information about distant objects in the universe from electromagnetic radiation, which includes various forms of light such as visible light, radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. Electromagnetic radiation is the primary means by which we observe and study celestial objects, and it provides insights into their properties, composition, motion, and evolution. Here are some key ways in which astronomers use electromagnetic radiation to study distant objects:
1. Composition and Chemical Makeup:
- Spectroscopy: By analyzing the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by an object, astronomers can determine its chemical composition. Each element and molecule produces a unique set of spectral lines or features, allowing scientists to identify the presence of specific elements or compounds.
2. Temperature and Energy:
- Blackbody Radiation: The temperature of an object can be determined by studying the shape of its electromagnetic spectrum. Objects with higher temperatures emit more energy at shorter wavelengths (e.g., visible light), while cooler objects emit predominantly in longer wavelengths (e.g., infrared or radio waves).
3. Distance and Motion:
- Doppler Effect: The Doppler Effect allows astronomers to determine the motion of objects in space. When an object is moving relative to an observer, the frequency (color) of its emitted or absorbed light shifts. This shift can be used to measure the object's velocity and direction.
4. Stellar Properties:
- Luminosity: By measuring the intensity of light from a star and knowing its distance, astronomers can calculate its intrinsic brightness, known as luminosity. This information is crucial for understanding a star's size, age, and stage of evolution.
- Temperature: The color and spectrum of a star's light provide clues about its surface temperature, which, in turn, informs scientists about its evolutionary stage and potential future.
5. Cosmic Objects and Phenomena:
- Galaxy Types: Different types of galaxies emit distinct spectra, allowing astronomers to classify them and study their properties. For example, the presence of specific spectral lines can indicate the presence of
certain elements or star-forming regions within galaxies.
- Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei: The extreme brightness and spectral characteristics of quasars and active galactic nuclei provide insights into the presence of supermassive black holes and the energetic
processes occurring in their vicinity.
- Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): The CMB is a relic radiation from the Big Bang, and its spectrum provides vital information about the early universe's conditions and evolution.
6. Atmospheric and Planetary Studies:
- Atmosphere Composition: Studying the light passing through a planet's or moon's atmosphere can reveal its chemical composition and climate.
- Surface Features: By analyzing specific wavelengths, astronomers can map surface features on celestial bodies, such as craters, mountains, and oceans.
7. Exoplanet Detection and Characterization:
- Transit and Radial Velocity Methods: Observing changes in a star's light caused by a transiting exoplanet or by the star's wobble due to an orbiting planet allows astronomers to detect and study exoplanets, including their size, composition, and orbital parameters.
In summary, electromagnetic radiation is a powerful tool that enables astronomers to gather a wide range of information about distant objects in the universe, from their composition and temperature to their motion, distance, and evolution. It forms the basis of most astronomical observations and has greatly expanded our understanding of the cosmos.
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