Astronomy Quizzes.pdf

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Written Jun 21, 2023 9:51 PM - Jun 21, 2023 10:08 PM Attempt Score 99.98 % Overall Grade (Highest Attempt) 99.98 % Part 1 - Multiple Choice: Check Your Understanding , l There are 4 multiple choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer for each question. Part 2 - Case Study E | ] Imagine that you have received six pictures of six different children who live near six of the closest stars to the Sun. Each picture shows a child on his or her 12th birthday. The pictures were each broadcast directly to you (using a satellite) on the day of the child's birthday. Note the abbreviation "ly" is used below to represent a light-year. ¢ Eugene lives on a planet orbiting Ross 154, which is 9.5 ly from the Sun. ¢ Max lives on a planet orbiting Barnard's Star, which is 6.0 ly from the Sun. ¢ Crystal lives on a planet orbiting Sirius, which is 8.6 ly from the Sun. ¢ Sydney lives on a planet orbiting Alpha Centauri, which is 4.3 ly from the Sun. ¢ Kelly lives on a planet orbiting Epsilon Eridani, which is 10.8 ly from the Sun. ¢ Mitch lives on a planet orbiting Procyon, which is 11.4 ly from the Sun. Question 9 5.998 / 6 points v a 5 ey 3 A ] [l [l [l PR ) Il * s M Il ] [l £ 8

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 9 5.998 / 6 points If each child was 12 years old when he or she sent his or her picture to you, how old was each of the children when you received their picture? Write the current age of each child in the corresponding blanks and DO NOT ROUND YOUR ANSWERS - KEEP ANY DECIMAL PLACES. Answer this way (without the quotes) years old" Eugene: 21.5 years old v(16.66 %) Max: 18 years old Vv(16.66 %) Crystal: 20.6 years old v(16.66 %) 16.3 years old v (16.66 %) 22.8 years old v (16.66 %) 23.4 years old v(16.66 %)

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 12 2.997 / 3 points Imagine that you are observing the light from a distant star that was located in a galaxy 100 million ly away from you. By analysis of the starlight received, you are able to tell that the image we see is of a 10 million year old star. You are also able to predict that the star will have a total lifetime of 50 million years, at which point it will end in a catastrophic explosive death called a Supernova. Answer the following questions in the blanks provided. a) How old does the star appear to us here on Earth? Write your answer this way (without the quotes): million years old " 10 million years old v(33.3 %) b) How long will it be before we receive the light from the Supernova event? Write your answer this way (without the quotes): _____ million years " 40 million years __~ v(33.3 %) c) When did the Supernova explosion occur? Write your answer this way (without the quotes): _____ million years ago" ___60 million years ago v(33.3 %)

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THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM raDI0 I microwave | INfRARED | wisBLe B uttRavioteT I x-ray | GAMMARAY i 10 10° 10° 10° 107 10" 05x10° VA VAVAVAIm™ Ty s % P Buildings Humans Honey Bee Pinpoint Protozoans Molecules Atoms Atomic Nuclei B VISIBLE Frequency % (inHz) 10 Consider this graph of three different stars' spectral curves. Assume that all three stars can be observed in the visible part of the spectrum.

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L il Consider this graph of three different stars' spectral curves. Assume that all three stars can be observed in the visible part of the spectrum. 4 A C Energy B Output (per second) Wavelength j Question 11 0/ 1 point Rank the visible color of each star, going from most blue to most red (Most Blue = 1...Most Red = 3) x _2 _(3)C x _3 (2B v_1_ A Part C: Calculations , - , ,, ,, o ._] Choose the best numerical answer to each question. Note, each question in this section is worth 2 marks.

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L (Most Blue = 1...Most Red = 3) x _2_(3C x _3 (2B v_ 1 A Part C: Calculations | Choose the best numerical answer to each question. Note, each question in this section is worth 2 marks. Question 18 0/ 2 points A blackbody emission spectrum of object A peaks in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength of 2000 x 10°? m. That of object B peaks in the violet region, at 400 x 107 m. According to Wien's Law, how many times hotter is B compared to A? % (@) 3 times hotter ' 1/3 as hot - 25 times hotter 625 times hotter = 5 times hotter

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istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 1 0/ 1 point A bright star is moving towards the Earth. If you were to look at the spectrum of this star, what would it look like? ) An absorption spectrum that is redshifted relative to us. - You would not see any spectrum at all since the star is too bright. = ) An absorption spectrum that is blueshifted relative to us. A continuous spectrum that is redshifted relative to us. % (@) A continuous spectrum that is blueshifted relative to us. Question 3 0/ 1 point When we use the analogy that represents the expanding universe with the surface of an expanding balloon, what does the outside of the balloon represent? ' The entire universe. - Regions between the galaxies in the universe. . Regions of the universe beyond the Milky Way galaxy. x (o) Regions of the universe that have not yet been discovered. = () None of the above Question 4 0/ 1 point

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L Assume that all galaxies formed when the Universe was very young. Looking at two distant galaxies: if Galaxylis________ as far away as Galaxy 2, then Galaxy 1isseentobe ________ Galaxy 2 three times; somewhat older than = ) twice; somewhat younger than % (o) twice; exactly twice as old as four times; half as big as half; exactly the same as Question 5 0/ 1 point Consider three widely separated galaxies in an expanding universe, lined up as shown in the figure below. Imagine that you are located in Galaxy A and observe that both Galaxies B and C are moving away from you. If you asked an observer in Galaxy B to describe how Galaxies A and C appear to be moving, what would he or she say? A B C © © G = ) "Galaxy A and Galaxy C are both moving away." "Galaxy A is approaching, and Galaxy C is moving away." % (o "Galaxy A is moving away, and Galaxy C is approaching." "Galaxy A and Galaxy C are both approaching." ) "Galaxy A is moving away, and Galaxy C is not moving."

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 18 0/ 2 points According to Hubble's Law, where we assume the Hubble Constant H,= 72 km/s/Mpc, a galaxy that is receding from us with a velocity of 52,000 km/s is at a distance, D, of 1 0.0072 Mpc = 720 Mpc - 138.9 Mpc % (@) 720,000 Mpc 10,000 Mpc Question 21 0/ 2 points Suppose the Hubble Constant were measured and found to be half as large as it is now believed to be. The implied age of the universe in a Big Bang model would be ' quadrupled = () doubled % (o) halved tripled - the same

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istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Consider this H-R diagram for the questions that follow. For each star listed in the questions of this section, identify the Spectral Class (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) and the Type of Star (Main Sequence "MS", Red Giant "RG", or White Dwarf "WD"). [Blank 1] = Spectral Class (answer O, B, A, F, G, K, or M) [Blank 2] = Star Type (answer MS, RG, or WD) Spectral Closs lo°’° LS lgw;A'l'O' 105k & X Deneb 104+ 10°H- K - S 102} 5 L 3 of > § 'l 5 ot 0.014 0.001 A bedecd el A 1 A 30,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 3,000 Temperature (Kelvin) Question 2 SiriusB __Q x (B) WD v (50 %) Question 4 Spica __Q _ x (O,B) MS V(50 %)

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 3 Which of the following statements is not true for a Type Il Supernova explosion? Material that later formed the earth and human beings was distributed between the stars. = () Itis the final stage of the evolution of a low-mass star. Matter is ejected so violently that it marks one of the largest explosion in the universe. % (@) The staris not in balance between gravity and thermal pressure. The star may shine as brightly as billions of stars. Question 4 A supernova can have, as a remnant, a which has a mass of Mg (> = greater than; < = |less than) Type |; Black Hole singularity; <14 Type Il; Black Hole singularity; <14 = Type ll; Neutron Star; <3 % (o) Typell; Black Hole singularity ; <3 Type |; White Dwarf; >3 Part B: Matching l

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L [Adapted from Lecture-Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy, 1st Ed., Adams, Prather, Slater (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005)] Imagine that the four stars listed below all became Main Sequence (MS) stars at exactly the same time 10 billion years ago but in different locations of the universe. Albert Star is an A spectral class star that is part of a binary star system with a total lifetime of 1 billion years. Its life will eventually end as a Type | Supernova that completely destroys itself. Albert is located in a galaxy 6 billion light years (ly) from Earth. Katie Star is a K spectral class star having a total lifetime of 30 billion years. Its life will eventually end as a slowly cooling white dwarf. Katie is located in the Milky Way galaxy at a distance of 30,000 ly from Earth. Max Star is an M spectral class star having a total lifetime of 1 trillion years. Its life will eventually end as a very slowly cooling white dwarf. Max is located in the Milky Way galaxy at a distance of 12,000 ly from Earth. Becky Star is a B spectral class star having a total lifetime of 20 million years. Its life will eventually end as a SN Type Il and become a neutron star. Becky is located in another galaxy 12 bilion ly from Earth. Question 10 Rank the stars (from first to last) based on when they reach(ed) their final end state of life. [1=First...4=Last]

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L % __1 _(4) Max Star % __4 _(3) Katie Star % __3 _(2) Albert Star % __2 (1) Becky Star Question 11 Rank the stars (from first to last) based on when an observer on Earth would see their final end states. [1=First...4=Last] % __2 (1) Albert Star % __1 (2) Becky Star % __3 _(4) Max Star % __ 4 (3) Katie Star Question 12 Rank the stars (from first to last) based on when the initial cloud started its collapse to form the star on the main sequence. [1=first...4=last] % __1 _(2) Katie Star % __2__(3) Albert Star % __4 (1) Max Star % 3 (4) Becky Star

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Part A: Multiple Choice . Part B: Ordering ] Question 15 Listed below are several astronomical objects. Indicate the correct ranking for the size (diameter) of these objects, from largest to smallest? [1=Largest...10=Smallest] v 1 Milky Way galaxy v __7__ White Dwarf v _5 _ The Sun v __6 _ Jupiter v _8_ The Moon v __2 _ The Solar System v __ 9 _ Neutron Star v __ 10 _ Black Hole Singularity % __3 _ (4) Supermassive Black Hole Sagittarius A* % __4 _ (3) Red Giant L e

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Question 3 Based on what you have learned about the formation of our solar system, which of the following statements is probably NOT true? % (@ Most stars are surrounded by spinning disks of gas during their formation. - Other solar systems will also have planets in the two basic categories of terrestrial and gas giants. = ) Only a tiny percentage of the gas giant planets orbiting other stars will likely have moons. Question 4 If a massive asteroid were to hit the Earth, it will still not be safe on the opposite side of Earth from where the asteroid strikes. Why? % ‘o) The heat from the asteroid will travel to the opposite side of Earth, incinerating everything there ~ too. - The impact will cause Earthquakes all over the world destroying everything = ) Heat produced by the impact will lift dust and debris high into the atmosphere, where it will surround the whole Earth. ~ The impact will cause the Earth to shift out of its orbit around the Sun, causing everything to freeze over Part B: Observing the Moon V J Use the following diagram of the moon orbiting the Earth to answer the upcoming matching questions. Note: The diagram is not to scale.

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L Question 8 The figure below shows a "top view" of the Sun, Earth and six different positions (A - F) of the Moon during one orbit of Earth. Rank each of the six positions shown (A - F) by the amount of the Moon's illuminated surface that is visible from Earth. Go in the order of least to most. If any are equally illuminated, assign them all the same ranking number; then continue by assigning the next phase in the sequence with the next number in the sequence (i.e.- do not skip numbers, which means you could have unused numbers when you finish ranking all the phases). Note that the figure is not drawn to scale. [1=Least,...] Orbit of B ¢ Moon\ P ’D‘ % . Py ‘Oc ll ‘ A 0 D ¢OD Sunlight ‘\ EARTH /’ —

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L , 0 A 0 D “) D Sunlight | EARTH y — 0. L a _O_ » E NOT TO SCALE x _6 (3B v _3_ E x _4 _(2)C x _ 5 _(1)D x __1_(5A x _2 _@4F

istering ] RAMSS [} D2L Now consider the drawing shown below illustrating three different regions of Earth (the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere and the equatorial region) at two different times of the year, 6 months apart. : Sunlight Sunlight ‘ vde — —— <©> _ b v, Q -— —_— Sun A \ \ Note: this drawing is not to scale. Infactyoucould fit more than 11,000 Earths between the Sun and Earth. Question 8 Which location(s) (1-6) corresponds with Winter in the Northern Hemisphere?

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L Water Freezes 0 273 Room Temp 22 296 Human Body 37 310 Water Boils 100 373 Question 14 At temperatures hotter than the freezing point of water, light gases, like hydrogen and helium, likely had too much energy to condense together to form the large, gas-giant, Jovian planets. Over what range of distances from the Sun would you expect to find light gases, like hydrogen and helium, collecting together to form a Gas Giant planet? Answer this way (without the quotes) "Greater than ___ AU" HINT: Jupiter is the FIRST gas Giant from the Sun... ___Greaterthan 50 AU___ x (Greater than 2 AU, 2 AU, greater than 2 A.U,, > 2 AU, > 2AU, greater than 2AU, > 2 AU, 2, Greater than two AU, Greater then twoAU, two, 2.0, Greater than 2.0 AU) Question 15 Over what range of distances from the Sun would you expect to find only solid, rocky material collecting together to form a terrestrial planet? Answer this way (without the quotes): "Less than ___ AU"

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L LOO ImMuCI ernergy Lo COnuerise LogeLwner Lo 10rim wuie idrge, gas-gidili, Jovidll pidries. Over what range of distances from the Sun would you expect to find light gases, like hydrogen and helium, collecting together to form a Gas Giant planet? Answer this way (without the quotes) "Greater than ___ AU" HINT: Jupiter is the FIRST gas Giant from the Sun... Greater than 5.0 AU % (Greater than 2 AU, 2 AU, greater than 2 A.U., > 2 AU, > 2AU, greater than 2AU, > 2 AU, 2, Greater than two AU, Greater then twoAU, two, 2.0, Greater than 2.0 AU) Question 15 Over what range of distances from the Sun would you expect to find only solid, rocky material collecting together to form a terrestrial planet? Answer this way (without the quotes): "Less than ___ AU" Hint: Anything before Jupiter is rocky... ___lessthan 5,0 AU___ x (less than 2 AU, "less than 2 AU", less than 2AU, less than 2 A.U., less then 2 AU, < 2 AU, less then 2AU, Less than two AU, Less than twoAU, 2, two, 2.0, Less than 2.0 AU, < 2.0 AU)

istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L The figures below show the orbits of three exoplanets around their stars. The Earth is directed "below" each of the figures. Figure X Figure Y Figure Z « > LgEarthl ;gEarthl ;gEarthl Question 6 For each of the above figures (X, Y, Z), could astronomers on Earth detect the presence of the exoplanet using the transit method? Answer Yes or No: Figure X:

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L Figure Z: Yes v(33.3 %) Question 7 The graph below shows how the amount of light we detect from a star can change over time if it is orbited by an exoplanet. + A C E G } } } —» Time Which locations on the graph correspond to the times when the exoplanet is completely in front of the star. v A = v v B v | C =»x D v

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L Graphs 1 and 2 below show the observed brightness of two identical stars over time. Graph 1 shows the observed brightness of Star 1, which is orbited by a small exoplanet. Graph 2 shows the observed brightness of Star 2, which is orbited by a large exoplanet. Both exoplanets are the same distance from their parent stars. A\ Graph 1 o [ =1 I + + > Time Graph 2 8 o = = - } } > Time Question 12 Assume Graph 1 is correct. State whether each of the features of Graph 2 listed below is correct or incorrect. Answer: Correct or Incorrect Sides of the dips Incorrect v(33.3 %) Duration of the dips

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istering [f] RAMSS [} D2L s Time - Brightnes Question 12 Assume Graph 1 is correct. State whether each of the features of Graph 2 listed below is correct or incorrect. Answer: Correct or Incorrect Sides of the dips Incorrect v(33.3 %) Duration of the dips Correct v(33.3 %) Depths of the dips Correct v(33.3 %) Part C: Newton's Gravity

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