Exploding Stars HW
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School
University of Louisville *
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Course
107-02
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
7
Uploaded by CaptainTarsier1257
Exploding Stars Investigation: Questions & Answers
Name: Eily Guarini #5509957
Date: Thu Oct 12 2023 14:49:43 GMT-0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)
2. Click on the supernova in the image
3. What is the best way to describe how the brightness of this supernova changes over time?
It starts out by getting brighter, reaches peak brightness, then gradually gets dimmer
4. Which type of supernova is the most energetic and intrinsically bright?
Ia
5. Which type of supernova always has the same peak brightness?
IIp
6. Which type of supernova remains relatively bright for about 90 days?
IIp
7. Which graph shows a supernova that increases to a peak brightness and then dims continuously over a period of
months?
Graph 2
8. Which graph shows a supernova that increases until reaching a peak brightness, then its brightness level drops
slightly, and its brightness remains approximately the same for several months?
Graph 1
9. Which graph shows a Type IIp supernova?
Graph 1
10. Use the controls to play, pause, and skip between images. Can you spot the supernova? Click on
the supernova when you find it.
Please enter your name
Eily Guarini #5509957
Selected: ZTF19abqmpsr
Selected Supernova: ZTF19aavjzrz
11. What type of supernova is this?
Type IIp
12. Explain your answer — which aspects of the light curve caused you to choose this type?
The graph peaks and decreases at a more steady rate compared to the type Ia, which reaches peak
brightness and decreases at quick rate.
13. Was this formed from a white dwarf or a high mass main sequence star?
High Mass Star
14. Use the controls to play, pause, and skip between images. Click on the supernova when you find
it.
15. What type of supernova is this?
Type IIp
16. Explain your answer — which aspects of the light curve caused you to choose this type?
The graph peaks and decreases quickly.
17. Was this formed from a white dwarf or a high mass main sequence star?
White Dwarf
18. Use the controls to play, pause, and skip between images. Click on the supernova when you find
it.
19. What type of supernova is this?
Type IIp
20. Explain your answer—which aspects of the light curve caused you to choose this type?
The graph peaks and decreases at a fast rate.
21. Was this formed from a white dwarf or a high mass main sequence star?
White Dwarf
22. Suppose you observe Type Ia supernovae at their peak brightness in two different galaxies. One galaxy is farther
away than the other. In which galaxy will the supernova appear brighter?
The supernovae will appear the same brightness because Type Ia supernovae always have the same
intrinsic peak brightness.
Selected Supernova: ZTF20acxzkkf
Selected Supernova: ZTF20acxtewc
24. Now let's determine the peak apparent magnitude of your fitted template.
Place your cursor on the light curve, and a horizontal line will appear on the graph.
Move the line until it is aligned with the peak apparent magnitude (m) of the template (this may
not be the highest data point!). Click when you are satisfied with the position of the line, then
SAVE when the apparent magnitude is reported.
25. Get the best fit of the template to your light curve data. SAVE.
26. Determine the peak apparent magnitude of your fitted template. SAVE.
27. Get the best fit of the template to your light curve data. SAVE.
28. Determine the peak apparent magnitude of your fitted template. SAVE.
This supernova's magnitude is 16.12
The Type Ia template fits the data for Supernova #4
This supernova's magnitude is 16.25
Light Curve
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
Days
20.0
19.5
19.0
18.5
18.0
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
Apparent Magnitude (m)
The Type Ia template fits the data for Supernova #5
This supernova's magnitude is 17.23
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29. Get the best fit of the template to your light curve data. SAVE.
30. Determine the peak apparent magnitude of your fitted template. SAVE.
Light Curve
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
Days
20.0
19.5
19.0
18.5
18.0
17.5
17.0
16.5
16.0
Apparent Magnitude (m)
The Type Ia
This supernova's magnitude is 18.18
Light Curve
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
Days
20.0
19.8
19.6
19.4
19.2
19.0
18.8
18.6
18.4
18.2
18.0
17.8
17.6
17.4
17.2
17.0
Apparent Magnitude (m)
31. Which of the three Type Ia supernovae appears brightest from Earth?
Supernova #4
32. Recall that most Type Ia supernovae, when corrected, have about the same intrinsic peak brightness. Which one
of these supernovae is the closest to Earth? Explain your reasoning.
Supernova #4, as its appears brightest from earth.
33. Enter the peak apparent magnitude (m) for supernova #4 to find its distance from Earth.
m =
16.25
DM =
16.25
+ 19.4
d = 10
Megalight-years (Mly) =
440
34. Enter the peak apparent magnitude (m) for supernova #5 to find its distance from Earth.
m =
17.23
DM =
17.23
+ 19.4
d = 10
Megalight-years (Mly) =
691
35. Enter the peak apparent magnitude (m) for supernova #6 to find its distance from Earth.
m =
18.18
DM =
18.18
+ 19.4
d = 10
Megalight-years (Mly) =
1,070
36. A supernova that is close to Earth will appear
bright
and have a peak apparent magnitude number
that is
small
.
(
35.6
+ 5) / 5
(
36.6
+ 5) / 5
(
37.6
+ 5) / 5
Supernova
Apparent Magnitude (m)
Distance (Mly)
#4
16.25
440
#5
17.23
691
#6
18.18
1070
37. Based on Supernova #4's distance from Earth, select the answer that best describes the possible location of
Supernova #4.
Member of the Laniakea Supercluster
38. Based on Supernova #5's distance from Earth, select the answer that best describes the possible location of
Supernova #5.
Beyond the Laniakea Supercluster
39. Based on Supernova #6's distance from Earth, select the answer that best describes the possible location of
Supernova #6.
Beyond the Laniakea Supercluster
40. Who has the most distant supernova in your group/class? What is its distance in light years?
Supernova #6 is 1070 Mly away, beyond the Laniakea Supercluster.
41. The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the closest large galaxy to the Milky Way. It is at a distance of 2.5 Mly from
Earth. Approximately how many times farther away is Supernova 4 compared to the Andromeda galaxy?
176 times farther away.
42. In this investigation you have learned how to classify (categorize) types of supernovae according to the shape of
their light curves. Describe how you categorize something in your everyday life. What is an advantage of
categorizing? What could be a disadvantage of categorizing?
I organize my clothing in my closet based on tops, sweaters, skirts, and dresses. The advantage is that
it can be easier to locate what I might want to wear, but it is more difficult to organize based on only
occassions or how often I might wear an article.
43. Different types of stars can explode to form supernovae. A star that is more than 8 times the mass
of the Sun forms a Type
IIp
supernova. A Type
Ia
supernova forms from a
white dwarf
star in a binary
star system.
44. Type Ia supernovae achieve a intrinsic peak brightness that is
higher
than the intrinsic peak
brightness of Type IIp supernovae. After reaching its peak brightness, the light output from a Type Ia
supernova
decreases continuously
for a few months.
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45. Type
IIp
supernovae can be used to determine distances because they reach about the
same
apparent
magnitude. Type
IIp
supernovae cannot be used for distance measurement because
the stars that become this type of supernova have a range of
masses
.