Lab 12 Hubble
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Hubble’s Law and the Age of the Universe Exercise
(35 points)
Let’s take a look at some of the values astronomers and cosmologists have determined, to see
how these values change our understanding of the age of the Universe
1.
Calculate each of the values as determined by the value of the Hubble parameter, H
o
; enter your
data in the
Hubble’s Law and the Age of the Universe
table.
a.
Step 1: Divide
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc by the given Hubble parameter,
H
o
b.
Step 2: Divide your result from Step 1 by
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr. This gives you an exponential
answer.
c.
Convert the exponential answer in Step 2 to Billion Years.
2.
Answer the questions pertaining to
Hubble’s Law and the Age of the Universe
.
Hubble’s Law and the Age of the Universe
I.
H
o
Source
Step 1: divide
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc by specified
H
o
Step 2: divide Step 1 results
by
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr
Step 3: convert Step
2 exponent result
to Billion Years
Ex
500 km/s/Mpc
Edwin Hubble,
1929
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc / 500
km/s/Mpc
=
6.18 x 10
16
s
(6.18 x 10
16
s) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
=
1.92 x
10
9
yr
1.92 Billion years
Ex
70.0 km/s/Mpc
LIGO –Virgo, 2017
(
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc) /
(70
km/s/Mpc)
= 4.41 x 10
17
s
(
4.41 x 10
17
s) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
= 1.396 x
10
10
yr
13.96 billion years
2.
1
50 km/s/Mpc
A. Sandage, 1970’s
(
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc) /
(50
km/s/Mpc)
= 6.18 x 10
17
s
(
6.18 x 10
17
s
) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
= 1.956 x
10
10
yr
19.56 billion years
2.
2
90 km/s/Mpc
G. de Vaucouleurs
,
1970’s
(
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc) /
(90
km/s/Mpc)
= 3.43 x 10
17
s
(
3.43 x 10
17
s
) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
= 1.085 x
10
10
yr
10.85 billion years
2.
3
73.0 km/s/Mpc
Hubble Space
Telescope
, 2016
(
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc) /
(73.0
km/s/Mpc)
= 4.23 x 10
17
s
(
4.23 x 10
17
s
) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
= 1.339 x
10
10
yr
13.39 billion years
2.
4
67.74 km/s/Mpc
Planck spacecraft,
2015
(
3.09 x 10
19
km/Mpc) /
(67.74
km/s/Mpc)
= 4.56 x 10
17
s
(
4.56 x 10
17
s
) / (
3.16 x 10
7
s/yr)
= 1.443 x
10
10
yr
14.43 billion years
Hubble’s Law and the Age of the Universe Questions
1.
List the ranges of values for the age of the Universe you calculated, as well as the two examples,
in the table below. Start with the youngest Universe, and adding data chronologically, list the
oldest Universe last.
Universe H
o
model
Source
Year
Age of the Universe
1. Youngest Universe
Edwin Hubble
1929
1.92 Billion years
2.
G. de
Vaucouleurs
1970’s
10.85 billion years
3.
Hubble Space Telescope
2016
13.39 billion years
4.
LIGO –Virgo
2017
13.96 billion years
5.
Planck spacecraft
2015
14.43 billion years
6. Oldest Universe
A. Sandage
1970’s
19.56 billion years
2.
Speculate as to why these variations in the age of the Universe would be an issue for
astronomers and cosmologists.
Variations in the Universe’s age could be a problem for astronomers and cosmologists
because it becomes unclear as to when the universe began and how much it has truly
expanded since then. This further leads into the uncertainty of which our own solar system
and planet came to form in the timeline of the universe and could lead to the age revisions
of other celestial objects.
(1) Content by Florida State College at Jacksonville is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License
.
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