Ch. 9 Ques.

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Astronomy

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Oct 30, 2023

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Ch. 9 Study Questions 1. What are Jupiter and Saturn chiefly composed of? Jupiter and Saturn are mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. You would also find methane, ammonia, and water frozen out on the surfaces of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn 2. How many times more massive would Jupiter have to be to become a star? In order for Jupiter to become a star it would have to be 75 times more massive. 3. What is the name of the most famous feature on Jupiter, and what is it, physically? The most famous feature on Jupiter is its Great Red Spot. This famous feature is a hurricane like typhoon like storm. These gases swirl and extend at least 320 km below the planet’s surface. 4. What are the names of Jupiter’s four Galilean Moons? Jupiter’s four Galilean Moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Which are named after Zeus’s lovers. 5. Jupiter’s moon, Europa, is a prime target for the search for life. Why is Europa such a promising place to investigate? Scientists are particularly interested in Europa's deep ocean since life can be found practically wherever there is liquid water on Earth. So it is possible that life evolved in Europa's ocean. 6. Jupiter’s moon Io is about the size of our own Moon. Our moon is geologically dead, but Europa is molten inside and covered with active volcanoes. How can that be? As the distance between Jupiter and Io fluctuates, the resulting tidal pressures alternately stretch and crush that moon. Heat is produced by rocks rubbing against one other as Io continues to rotate inside allowing Volcanoes to still be active in Europa. 7. What is the largest moon in the Solar System? Jupiter’s moon, Ganymede is the solar system’s largest moon. 8. Why is Saturn’s moon, Titan, unique in the Solar System? Saturn’s moon Titan is unique because it has a dense atmosphere. 9. Why is Saturn noticeably “bulged” around its equator? Saturn is more noticeably bulged because it is less thick, has less gravity, and is more deformable than Jupiter, therefore the spin causes it to be more bulged. 10. What are Saturn’s rings made of? Saturn’s rings are made of water, ice and ice coated rocks.

11. How does the surface (top of the atmosphere) of Saturn differ in appearance from that of Jupiter? Saturn has a cooler atmosphere than Jupiter and has deeper layers of vibrant ammonia clouds. Compared to Jupiter, Saturn has a hazy atmosphere that is considerably thicker than cloud tops, making it impossible to see the more vibrant chemical layers beneath. 12. What three chemical compounds are Jupiter’s and Saturn’s cloud decks made of? The upper layers are made up of ammonia clouds that have been frozen. The lowest cloud layer is made up of water vapor, whereas the intermediate levels are predominantly made up of ammonium hydrosulfide. 13. Saturn is less dense than water, which means if you put it in the bathtub, it would float. But it would leave a terrible R-I-N-G! Why don’t my students ever laugh at that joke? I believe that students don’t laugh because they just don’t get it. But Saturn would leave a ring because Saturn has a ring. 14. What is in the Cassini Division? Cassini Division are the rings of Saturn. 15. About how many Earth diameters are Uranus and Neptune? Uranus is about 14 ties larger than Earth’s diameter, while Neptune is four times larger than Earth’s diameter. 16. What are Uranus and Neptune mostly made of, deep inside? Deep inside, Uranus and Neptune are mostly made of water, methane, and ammonia. These planets are also known as the Ice Giants. 17. Why do Uranus and Neptune look blue-green? The reason Uranus and Neptune look blue green is because they both have methane in their atmosphere. 18. What is sad and heartbreaking about Uranus’s moon, Miranda? Miranda was blasted into pieces by a huge impact. But the pieces did not reach escape speed gravitationally. Gravity pulled them back together. Well, that's what happened to Miranda. It just got it put itself back together randomly and badly. 19. What is sad and heartbreaking about Neptune’s moon, Triton? Triton is doomed, it doesn’t get enough energy, and looses energy while getting closer to Neptune. This will cause it to be pulled apart into little pieces and turn into a new ring for Neptune.

20. What do the names of Uranus’s moons all have in common? All of Uranus’s moons are named after Shakespeare characters.

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