HW 8 - Entering the Universe

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University of Massachusetts, Lowell *

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1210

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Astronomy

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Oct 30, 2023

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Tyler Opila Homework 8 Due: 10/24 11:59 pm Reading Chapters 6 & 15 Questions 1. (6.6) What is meant by “reflecting” and “refracting” telescopes? A reflecting telescope is made up of a mirror that reflects (Bounces) lights onto another and smaller mirror; While a refracting telescope focuses light from one end to another using lenes. 2. (6.13) Why do astronomers place telescopes in Earth’s orbit? What are the advantages for the different regions of the spectrum? Astronomers place telescopes in Earth’s orbit, because we can see Infared waves. The advantages for the regions of the spectrum are that we can move a telescope to ignore earths cons, like storms, clouds, or other weather phenomena one may have to deal with. A telescope in space eliminates those problems. 3. (15.2) Describe how energy makes its way from the nuclear core of the Sun to the atmosphere. Include the name of each layer and how energy moves through the layer. The first layer the energy starts in and moves through is the core, the core is a made of dense gas, with temperatures that reach up to 15 million degrees Celsius. Under those conditions hydrogen particles collide and combine to form helium in fusion. Energy then moves through the core and goes further out into the radiative zone. In the radiative zone conditions are also hot and dense but not as hot and dense as the core but is still able to move the energy by radiation. Energy is then moved to the convection zone where energy is moved by convection; and it is able to transfer the energy from one place to another by gas or liquid. 4. (15.3) Make a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the locations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. What is the approximate temperature of each of these regions? The order of the layers from the top down is the corona (1,000,000 K), photosphere (5800 K), and the chromosphere (10,000 K). Problems 5. (6.28) In broad daylight, the size of your pupil is typically 3 mm. In dark situations, it expands to about 7 mm. How much more light can it gather? The total amount of light it can gather is 31.4 mm²

6. (6.34) How much more light can the James Webb Space Telescope (with its 6-m diameter mirror) gather than the Hubble Space Telescope (with a diameter of 2.4 m). The JWST has 6.25 times the light collecting area than the mirror of the Hubble space Telescope.

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