Midterm1Key-ExamB

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The University of Oklahoma *

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1504

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Astronomy

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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Uploaded by CaptainChinchilla3775

ASTR 1504/1514 Exam 1 September 18, 2023 Exam Version B Choose the answer that best completes the question. Read each problem carefully and read through all the answers. Take your time. If a question is unclear, come see me. Mark answers on your test and scantron. You keep your test and turn in your scantron to me when finished. 1. The Exam Version listed at the top is: (1 point) (a) Version A (b) Version B (c) Version C Multiple Choice Section - 3 points each 2. The Sun sets in the sky every 24 hours because (a) The Earth takes 24 hours to orbit once around the Sun (b) The Sun takes 24 hours to orbit once around the Earth (c) The Moon and stars get jealous and need some attention too (d) The Earth spins around on its axis once every 24 hours (e) The Earth takes one year to orbit the Sun 3. How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth once? (a) 1 hour (b) 24 hours (c) 1 month (d) 1 year (e) The Moon orbits around the Sun, not the Earth

4. How long does it take the Earth to orbit the Sun once? (a) 1 hour (b) 24 hours (c) 1 month (d) 1 year (e) 10 years 5. There is a lunar eclipse when (a) The Moon passes through the Sun’s shadow (b) The Earth passes through the Sun’s shadow (c) The Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow (d) The Moon’s distance to the Earth is at a minimum (e) The Moon is in between the Sun and the Earth 6. Below is a diagram of the Earth and Sun as viewed from above. The Moon’s orbit is marked with the dashed line. If you saw a full moon on Earth, where would the moon be in its orbit? (Choose from points A-E)

7. In the planetary orbit shown below, approximately where would the Sun be positioned? (Choose from points A-C) 8. Of the following types of radiation, which has the most energetic photons? (a) Infrared (b) X-rays (c) Visible light (d) Radio waves (e) Ultraviolet 9. In the planetary orbit shown below, where would the planet be moving fastest? (Choose from points A-E) 10. In the planetary orbit shown above, where is the planet at aphelion? (Choose from points A-E)

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11. Of the following types of radiation, which has the longest wavelength? (a) Infrared (b) X-rays (c) Visible light (d) Radio waves (e) Ultraviolet 12. If a planet always has the same distance to the Sun throughout its whole orbit, its orbital eccentricity is (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 10 (d) -1 (e) 0.5 13. The North Star (Polaris) does not appear to move throughout the night because (a) it is the brightest star in the sky (b) It is positioned directly over the Earth’s north pole (c) it isn’t moving through space (d) It is aligned with the Moon’s orbit (e) it is the closest star to earth

14. To make the gravitational attraction weaker between two objects, I could (a) increase the distance between them (b) decrease the distance between them (c) increase both of their masses (d) increase just one of their masses (e) more than one of these 15. Where do stars always circle the zenith (and never rise and set)? (a) Everywhere (b) at the equator (c) at the North Pole (d) nowhere (e) in Norman, OK 16. From which location could you observe all of the stars during the course of a year? (a) North Pole (b) South Pole (c) Equator (d) Norman, OK (e) Anywhere

17. Suppose you looked up in the sky from the Southern Hemisphere and observed the Moon illuminated as it appears below. At which lettered position in its orbit is the Moon located at this moment? For F, mark “A” and “B” on your bubble sheet. For G, mark “A” and “C”. For H, mark “A” and “D”. 18. What phase is shown above for someone observing in the Northern Hemisphere? (a) Waxing gibbous (b) Waning gibbous (c) It depends what day of the month it is (d) Waning crescent (e) Waxing crescent 19. Of the following types of radiation, which travels the fastest? (a) Infrared (b) X-rays (c) Visible light (d) They all travel at the same speed (e) Radio waves

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20. Suppose you looked up in the sky from the Northern Hemisphere and observed the Moon illuminated as it appears below. At which lettered position in its orbit is the Moon located at this moment? For F, mark “A” and “B” on your bubble sheet. For G, mark “A” and “C”. For H, mark “A” and “D”. 21. What phase would you see 1 week later? (a) Waxing gibbous (b) Waning gibbous (c) It depends what day of the month it is (d) Waning crescent (e) Waxing crescent 22. A consequence of Earth’s Precession is (a) The amount of tilt in Earth’s rotation axis is slowly changing (b) There will be a new North star in the next few thousands of years (c) Seasons will no longer exist in the next few thousands of years (d) Our clocks need updating every year (e) None of these are true

23. How would the orbital period of a planet change if I decreased the semi major axis of its orbit? Which law tells us this? (a) It would get shorter, Newton’s 3rd law (b) It would get shorter, Kepler’s 3rd law (c) It would get longer, Kepler’s 1st law (d) It would get longer, Newton’s 1st law (e) It would get longer, Kepler’s 3rd law 24. How long is the day as compared to the night on Spring Equinox and Autumnal Equinox? a) Day is longer, night shorter b) Day is shorter, night longer c) Day and night are equal 25. Circumpolar stars have this special quality: (a) They experience retrograde motion (b) They rise and set four minutes earlier every month (c) They never rise or set (d) They move faster than other stars (e) They are far from the North Celestial Pole in the sky 26. Why is there a four-minute difference between a solar day and a sidereal day? a. The Earth is moving in its orbit around the Sun (b) The Earth spins slowly at perihelion (c) Nice try, there isn’t a difference between those two (d) The Earth’s rotation axis is tilted by 23.5 degrees (e) The Earth moves closer to Sun during part of its orbit

27. When superman returns to his home planet Krypton, he tells the fellow Kryptonians that earth has seasons. What would be the likely explanation he gives for seasons on Earth? a. The earth is at the closest point on its orbit around the sun during summer and at the farthest point on the orbit during winter. b. The earth’s axial tilt makes it closer to the Sun during summer and distant from the sun during winter. c. The earth’s axial tilt causes more direct light to fall on Earth during summer than during winter d. Global warming causes the earth to heat up during summer and freezing of polar ice caps causes winter 28. The Sun's apparent path around the celestial sphere is called a. The horizon b. The celestial equator c. The ecliptic d. Vernal equinox True or False Section: 3 points each, for True mark “A”, for False mark “B” 29. Our class will see different constellations at night between today and six months from now. 30. Retrograde motion is when planets move backwards in their orbits for a short period of time. 31. Every lunar cycle, we get a solar and lunar eclipse. 32. All planets orbit around the sun in the same plane. 33. Stars rise in the West and set in the East. 34. Right ascension and declination are similar to latitude and longitude.

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