AS101 - Module 1
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School
Wilfrid Laurier University *
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Course
101
Subject
Astronomy
Date
Feb 20, 2024
Type
Pages
10
Uploaded by ChiefThunderCrane8
Question 1 What is an Astronomical Unit (AU)? % ‘@ The average distance between the Sun and the Earth. 1.5 x 108 kilometres (km). 1.5 x 1012 centimetres 150 million kilometres - All of the rest Question 2 What is the largest object in the solar system? Earth, of course Neptune Ceres, the largest asteroid in the asteroid belt Jupiter « o The Sun Question 3 The solar system consists of The inner planets (Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus) plus the Sun + o The Sun and its planets, asteroids and comets The Sun plus the asteroids and comets All of the stars in our galaxy The Sun, Moon and stars in our galaxy Question 4 Which of the following best describes the Milky Way Galaxy? a spiral galaxy with a disk about 80,000 light-years in diameter and containing about 100,000 stars a spherically shaped collection of about 10 billion stars that is about 100 light-years in diameter o aspiral galaxy with a disk about 80,000 light-years in diameter and containing between 100 billion and 1 trillion stars a spiral galaxy with a disk about a billion kilometres in diameter and containing between 100 million and 1 billion stars a spherically shaped collection of stars including our solar system and about a dozen other solar systems, stretching about 4 light-years in diameter Question 5 Which of the following has your "address" in the correct order? ymj, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way, Local Supercluster you, Earth, Local Group, Local Supercluster, solar system, Milky Way v o you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group, Local Supercluster you, Earth, solar system, Local Group, Local Supercluster, Milky Way you, Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Supercluster, Local Group WL EEN,
Question 6 Which of the following statements about the sizes of stars is most true? v o Rigel, the bluish star representing the left foot of Orion, is considerably larger than the Sun. All stars in our galaxy are about the same size. The largest known star, VY Canis Majoris, is about 5 times larger than the Sun. Antares, the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius, is bigger than Earth but smaller than the Sun. - The Sun is one of the bigger stars in our galaxy. Question 7 On the Cosmic Calendar (where the age of the universe in condensed into the equivalent to one calendar year) most of recorded history takes up what portion of the "year"? the last few weeks of the year the last few months of the year the last few minutes of the year « o the last few seconds of the year. the last few days of the year Question 8 On the Cosmic Calendar when did the big bang occur? March 21 December 31 December 25 September 1 « » January 1 Question 9 Which of the following objects within our solar system is the smallest? % (@ Mercury o Moon Mars Neptune Earth Question 10 If you looked at an area 10,000 light-years across, centered on the Sun, which of the following would NOT be in your field of view? The solar system - The entire Milky Way galaxy »% o The closest stars to the Sun. The spiral arm that contains the Sun The stars, nebulae and gas near the Sun
Question 11 What is a light-year? The time is takes light to travel halfway across the Milky Way galaxy. The time is takes light to get to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri. The average distance between the Sun and the Earth. v e The distance light travels in one year. The time for light to travel to Earth from the Andromeda galaxy. Question 12 On the Cosmic Calendar all of recorded history occurred beginning when? December 31 around noon December 1 v o December 31 within the last minute of this last day of the year. December 25 December 30 around noon Question 13 . Which of the following is furthest from the Sun? an asteroid in the asteroid belt Pluto « o acomet in the Oort cloud Neptune a comet in the Kuiper belt Question 14 Which of the following is largest? 1 Astronomical Unit 1 light-year size of Pluto's orbit v o size of a typical galaxy distance to the nearest star (other than our Sun) Question 15 Which of the following objects in our solar system is farthest from the Sun? Mercury Jupiter (it is the largest, after all) Mars v o Neptune the Moon
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Question 16 The order of the planets beyond Earth, away from the Sun, is Ve Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune, Uranus Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Mars, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Mars, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus Question 17 The distance across our galaxy in light-years is closest to 1,000,000 1,000 + o 100,000 10,000 10,000,000 Question 18 Each cycle of the Earth's precession takes about = 26,000 years None of the others. 2,600 light-years i % (@ 26,000 light-years 2,600 years Quesfion 19 What conditions are required for a solar eclipse? The phase of the Moon must be new, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun. The phase of the Moon can be new or full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun. The phase of the Moon must be new, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. Question 20 You are standing on the Earth's equator at midnight. Which way is Polaris, the North star? ve right on the northern horizon due north directly overhead at your zenith 50 degrees up, due East The answer depends on whether its winter or summer. 23.4 degrees above the North Pole, along the meridian.
Question 21 Imagine you are in Durban, South Africa (latitude - 30° or 30° S). You wish to walk north along a longitudinal line so that you've covered exactly one quarter of the Earth's circumference. What is the latitude when you arrive at your destination? 0° - the equator 30° 90° - the North Pole vie) 60° -90° - the South Pole Question 22 On the summer solstice in June, the Sun will be directlyabove ______________ and all locations north of will experience daylight all day. The Equator; Edmonton + @ The Tropic of Cancer: the Arctic Circle The Tropic of Cancer; the Antarctig: Circle The Tropic of Capricorn; the Arctic Circle The Tropic of Capricorn: the Antarctic Circle Question 23 Imagine you are standing on the equator watching the stars at night? Which of the following statements is true? 5 = Over a year you will see just half of all the stars in the sky. Over a year you will see less than half of the stars in the sky. ~ o Over a year you will see all the stars in the sky. Over a year you will see more than hélf but not all of the stars in the sky. Over a year you can never see all of the stars in the sky because Earth is always moving in its orbits around the Sun which blocks out many of the stars. Question 24 Which of the following statements is true? A) Both the Northern and Southern hemispheres receive the same amount of sunlight on the equinoxes. B) Both the Northern and Southern hemispheres receive the same amount of sunlight on the solstices. C) The Northern Hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight on the summer solstice. D) The Southern Hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight on the summer solstice. v ® E) Both A and C are true.
QUESTON 25 If we consider a circular sphere around our solar system with a radius of about 10 light-years (10 ly) how many stars, other than the Sun, would be included in such a sphere? Ve none two five ten fifty Quesi-:ion 26 From a latitude of 42 degrees, how many degrees above the northern horizon does the north celestial pole appear to be? x (@ 90 24 48 234 w42 Question 27 Which of the following statements is NOT true about total solar eclipses? The darkest part of the Moon's shadow, the umbra, touches Earth. The totality phase of a solar eclipse lasts for only a few minutes. ~ The solar corona is often visible. i The Sun, Moon and Earth are aligned and in that order. « o The Moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. Question 28 Which of the following correctly describes the meridian in your sky? v e a half-circle extending from your horizon due east, through the north celestial pole, to your horizon due west the boundary between the portion of the celestial sphere you can see at any moment and the portion that you cannot see. a half-circle extending from your horizon due north, through your zenith, to your horizon due south a half-circle extending from your horizon due east, through your zenith, to your horizon due west the point directly over your head Question 29 What conditions are required for a lunar eclipse? The phase of the Moon can be new or full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun. The phase of the Moon must be full, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. The phase of the Moon must be new, and the Moon's orbital plane must lie in the ecliptic. The phase of the Moon must be new, and the nodes of the Moon's orbit must be nearly aligned with the Earth and the Sun.
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“Question U We can't detect stellar parallax with naked-eye observations. Which of the following would make parallax easier to observe? Ve decreasing the size of the Earth's orbit speeding up the precession of the Earth's axis slowing down the Earth's orbital motion speeding up the Earth’s orbital motion increasing the size of the Earth's orbit Question 31 Which of the following sequences is a correct ordering of the Moon'’s phases? ve first quarter, new, third quarter waning gibbous, new, waxing crescent full, new, third quarter full, waxing crescent, new waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous Question 32 Patterns of stars in constellations hardly change in appearance over times of even a few thousand years. Why? ~ Stars move, but they move very slowly only a few kilometres in a thousand years. The stars in ofir sky actually move rapidly relative to us thousands of kilometres per hour but are so ve far away that it takes a long time for this motion to make a noticeable change in the patterns in the sky. / Although most stars move through the sky, the brightest stars do not, and these are the ones that trace the patterns we see in the constellations. Stars are fixed and never move. Stars within a constellation move together as a group, which tends to hide their actual motion and prevent the pattern from changing. Question 33 The ecliptic is the apparent path of the Sun moving how? Ve north eastward among the stars south westward among the stars eastward among the stars westward among the stars northward among the stars Question 34 Which of the following statements about the ecliptic plane is not true? Ve During a lunar eclipse, the Moon lies in the ecliptic plane. It is the plane of the Moon's orbit around the Earth. The nodes of the Moon's orbit lie in the ecliptic plane. It is the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. During a solar eclipse, the Moon lies in the ecliptic plane.
Question 35 What makes the North Star, Polaris, special? « o It appears very close to the north celestial pole right now. It can be used to determine your longitude on Earth. It is the star directly on your northern horizon. It is the 5th brightest star in the sky. It is the star straight overhead when you're on the equator. Question 36 While in Bracebridge, ON where the latitude is 45°, at the spring equinox (about March 21), the Sun follows the path where it v o rises due east, crosses the meridian at an altitude of 45° in the south, and sets due west. rises due north-east, crosses the meridian at an altitude of 45° in the south, and sets due north-west rises due north-east, crosses the meridian at the zenith, and sets due north-west. rises due east, crosses the meridian at an altitude of 45° in the north, and sets due west. rises due east, crosses the-meridian at the zenith, and sets due west. Question 37 Suppose the date is June 21 and the Sun never sets, just touching your northern horizon at midnight. Where are you? + o the Arctic Circle the Antarctic Circle i the tropic of Cancer the tropic of Capricorn the equator Question 38 If you see the Moon rising in the East just as the Sun is setting in the west then the phase of the Moon is v e full first quarter waning crescent third quarter new Question 39 Which of’the following is the reason for the solar day being longer than a sidereal day? the Earth year being a non-integer number of Earth days the tilt of the Earth's axis precession of the Earth's axis the non-circular orbit of the Earth around the Sun + o the combined effect of the rotation of the Earth and its orbit about the Sun
Question 40 Day and night are caused by the tilt of the Earth on its axis the revolution of the Moon around the Earth v o the rotation of the Earth on its axis a combination of the rotation of the Moon around the Earth and the Earth around the Sun the revolution of the Earth around the Sun Question 41 Which of the following is the best reason for the leap years? the non-circular orbit of the Earth around the Sun % o the Earth year being a non-integer number of Earth days precession of the Earth's axis = the combined effect of the rotation of the Earth and the precession of the Earth's axis the tilt of the Earth's axis Question 42 The problem with the Julian calendar was that it was = Too short by 11 minutes in a year There was nothing wrong with it and that's why we use it today. Too long by 11 days in a year . % @ Too long by 11 minutes in a year Too short by 11 hours in a year Question 43 If you lived at the North Pole at night the stars would never rise or set but move in ellipses around Polaris. ~ o never rise or set but move in circles around Polaris, the North Star. rise in the west, cross your meridian at midnight, and set in the east. rise in the east, cross your meridian at midnight, and set in the west. show retrograde motion every night of the year. Question 44 Which of the following statements about the Moon is false? « o The side of the Moon we never see from Earth is always in darkness. During a full Moon it is impossible to have a solar eclipse. The Moon is often visible during daylight hours. The Moon has no measureable atmosphere. We see only one side of the Moon because the Moon is tidally locked to Earth.
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Question 46 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the motions of the Moon? A new moon rises and sets with the Sun. v o Acrescent moon will be seen either just after sunset or just before sunrise. The illuminated side of the Moon always point in a direction toward the Sun. The Moon rises approximately 50 minutes later each night. A first-quarter moon and a third-quarter moon occur about two weeks apart. Question 47 The number of days in a month is associated with Solar phases Earth's rotation around the Moon The motion of Jupiter around the Sun v o Lunar phases Various annual holidays Question 48 Each of the following shows a constellation followed by a bright star (e.g., Ursa Major, Algol). In all cases but one, the star is part of the constellation. Which one is a mismatch? Cygnus, Deneb v o Canis Minor, Polaris Canis Major, Sirius Gemini, Pollux Orion, Betelgeuse Question 49 . Suppose you lived at the Earth's equator. Which of the following statements would not be true? The north celestial pole is directly on your horizon, due north (with Polaris quite nearby). v o The celestial equator goes through your sky from due east on your horizon, through 50 degree altitude in the south, to due west on the horizon. No stars are circumpolar. Every day of the year, the Sun is above your horizon for 12 hours and below it for 12 hours. The south celestial pole is directly on your horizon, due south. Question 50 Right ascension is expressed in Light-years Metres Hours per day Degrees from 0 to 360 v o Hours, minutes and seconds from O to 24 hours