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Question Answered Asked by smokeme360 1 Classification of Spectra: Identify the spectral type of the star in the unknown spectrum below. For comparison, there is also a table with the standard spectra. Explain your reasons. Image transcription text 3759137 0 III 381161 Hel 39331.3 (mum-1e) Ll! 3964.13 He] I 3963,49 Call(Hllne) n 3970.117 HI(H Epslon) ' 4026.19 Hel : 4030.16 Mnl 5 4045.112 Fel I «151m cm t v on 39011 mu non mo 4300 «on 450 Objectaaa "195170!"s Apparent Magnitude: 11.35 WWQWV: 2 Classification of Spectra: Calculate the distance to the unknown star using: D = 10^exp, where the exponent exp = (m - M +5)/5. You can find its absolute magnitude in the table below.

O5B0B5A0A5F0F5G0G5K0 -5.7-4.1-1.10.72.02.63.44.45.15.9 K5M0M2M5 7.39.010.011.8 Apparent Magnitude: ___________ Absolute Magnitude: ___________ Distance: ____________ 3. Classification of Spectra: Identify the second spectral line from the left. It could be due to two elements. Explain your reasoning for choosing one. Include in your answer what you know of the surface temperature of the star and whether or not you see other lines of the same element in the spectrum. Wavelength: Element: Reasoning: Image transcription text

3759137 0 III 381161 Hel 39331.3 (mum-1e) Ll! 3964.13 He] I 3963,49 Call(Hllne) n 3970.117 HI(H Epslon) ' 4026.19 Hel : 4030.16 Mnl 5 4045.112 Fel I «151m cm t v on 39011 mu non mo 4300 «on 450 Objectaaa "195170!"s Apparent Magnitude: 11.35 WWQWV: Wavelength:________________ Element:_________________ Reasoning:________________ 4. H-R Diagram: The star Antares has a surface temperature of 3300K, while the sun has a surface temperature of 5700K. Also Antares is 10,000 times more luminous than the sun. Which star is larger? Calculate the factor by which one star is larger than the other with the following formula: What type of star do you think Antares is? Explain your reasoning. 5. H-R Diagram: Star X is measured to have a log temp of 3.5. Calculate the temperature of the star. If the sun, a G type star, has a temperature of 5800K, is star X more likely to be a K type star or an F type star? Explain. 6. H-R Diagram: Describe in words a simple H-R diagram that shows the stars that represent the brightest stars in our sky. Describe how an H-R diagram that shows the local stars is different. 10. Expansion of the Universe: a) Briefly describe the Doppler Effect and how Hubble used it to discover that the universe is expanding. b) Let's say you've measured the calcium K line of a galaxy to be 4477 Angstrom (the rest wavelength of the calcium K line is 3933.7 Angstrom). Calculate the recessional velocity of the galaxy using: 11. Expansion of the Universe: Find the Hubble constant using the line in the graph below (The units of distance are Mpc (Mega parsec)). The Hubble constant is the slope of the line

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12. Expansion of the Universe: If the Hubble constant is smaller than what you calculated, would that imply the universe has an older age or a younger age than what you would calculate from your Hubble constant above? Explain your reasoning. HINT: Keep in mind that the Hubble constant is the rate of expansion. 13.

Classify the galaxy in the image below according to type and subtype. Explain your reasoning. Question 13 options: 14.

lassify the galaxy in the image below according to type and subtype. Explain your reasoning. 15

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Galaxies: Classify the galaxy in the image below according to type and subtype. Explain your reasoning. 16

Galaxies: Classify the galaxy in the image below according to type and subtype. Explain your reasoning. 17

Galaxies: Classify the galaxy in the image below according to type and subtype. Explain your reasoning. 18 Galaxies: In the image below, measure the sizes of the galaxies in the left and right clusters. Which of the two clusters is further away from us? Calculate how many times. Show your work. Left Cluster Galaxy 1: ______ Right Cluster Galaxy 1: ______ Left Cluster Galaxy 2: ______ Right Cluster Galaxy 2: ______ Left Cluster Galaxy 3: ______ Right Cluster Galaxy 3: ______

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Left Cluster Galaxy 4: ______ Right Cluster Galaxy 4: ______ 19 Galaxies: If the left cluster from the previous question is 60 million light years away, how far away is the cluster on the right? Show your work.

Answer & Explanation Solved by verified expert Answered by aant654 Kindly see the attached file. Thank you 1 attachment • View attachment Question 1. From the data provided, the star type described by these parameters is K. Example includes Aldebaran and Arcturus. This is because, the average intensity of radiation emitted by this star is composed of wavelength ranging between (3900 to 4500A) i.e blue continuum. Question 2. D= 10^(m-M+5)/ 5 Let m = mass of Aldebaran = 3.381*10^30kg, and M to be mass of the earth = 5.972*10^24kg 10^6.76*10^29 meters from the earths’ surface. Question 3 The second spectral line range between 4400 to 4500 A wavelength. Therefore, having a wavelength of 4350A in spectral type O, this type of spectral line is mercury Hg. The surface temperature of the sun range between 28000K to 50000K Question 4. Being more luminous, Antares is the largest star. From trhe above formula, = (735*10^6 miles/4.323*10^5 miles )^2 + (3300K/5700K)^2 = 2890708 Astronomy.docx Question 1. From the data provided, the star type described by these parameters is K. Example includes Aldebaran and Arcturus. This is because, the average intensity of radiation emitted by this star is composed of wavelength ranging between (3900 to 4500A) i.e blue continuum. Question 2. D= 10^(m-M+5)/ 5 Let m = mass of Aldebaran = 3.381*10^30kg, and M to be mass of the earth = 5.972*10^24kg 10^6.76*10^29 meters from the earths' surface. Question 3 The second spectral line range between 4400 to 4500 A wavelength. Therefore, having a wavelength of 4350A in spectral type O, this type of spectral line is mercury Hg. The surface temperature of the sun range between 28000K to 50000K Question 4. Being more luminous, Antares is the largest star. From trhe above formula, = (735*10^6 miles/4.323*10^5 miles )^2 + (3300K/5700K)^2 = 2890708 Question 5. Logx= 3.5, hence x= 10^3.5 = 3162.3 K Star X is most likely to be a K spectral type star. Its surface temperatures fall closer to the range of K spectral type stars. i.e 3500K to 5000K Question 6. Based on luminosity or intensity and color of the brightest stars, Hertzsprung-Russsel diagram express the ratio of an individual star luminosity with respect to the sun. The absolute magnitude of a star from the diagram (whether negative or positive) describes the overall intensity of the respective star. For example, the lower or more negative the magnitude appears, the brighter star.