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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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six sources of data collection, Documentation: useful in corroborating and augmenting evidence from other sources. This information comes from agendas, administrative documents, formal studies, news clippings, emails, memorandums. See strengths and weaknesses on page 114. Archival Records: careful to ascertain the conditions in which it was produced and its’ accuracy. Highly qualitative but numbers alone should not automatically be considered a sign of accuracy. Usefulness varies from case to case. Archival records were produced for a specific purpose and a specific audience than the case study and conditions must be fully appreciated in interpreting the usefulness and accuracy of the records. Interviews: Import sources of a case study. Suggests explanations (how and why) of key events as well as insights reflecting participants relative perspectives. Two jobs with the interview: a) following your own line of inequity, as reflected by our case study protocol b) verbalizing your actual conversational questions in an unbiased manner that serves the needs of your line of inequity. Prolonged case study interview: 2 or more hours longer than the shorter case study where it is broken down over a period of time and remain open-ended and assume a conversational manner. Survey interviews: structured questionnaire and produce qualitative data as part of the case study evidence. Direct observations: Observations, done in real time, can range from formal to casual data collection activities. Development of observational instruments as part of the case study protocol. Observations include meeting, side-walk activities, factory work, classrooms, and the like. Or less formally, evidence is collected through the fieldwork. Participant-observation: is a special mode of observation in which you are not merely a passive observer. Instead you may assume of variety of roles within a field work situation

and may actually participate in the actions being studied. Used in anthropological studies of different culture or social groups. Provides certain unusual opportunities for collecting case study data, but it also involves major challenges. Physical artifacts: physical or cultural artifacts – such as a technological device, a tool or instrument, work of art or some other physical evidence. Mostly used extensively in anthropological work. When relevant the artifacts ca n be important component in the overall case study. qualitative data collection methods, Qualitative observation involves taking detailed notes and writing rich descriptions of what is observed. This means you don't have to decide in advance how to categorize your observations follow-up interviews, Interviews are more common in qualitative research. They usually allow participants to answer questions in their own words Non probability sampling methods are commonly used in qualitative research where the richness and depth of the data are more important than the generalizability of the findings. Specifically, you need to consider whether your research aims are primarily concerned with producing generalizable findings. In which case you'll likely opt for a probability based sampling method. Or if they're more focused on developing rich, deep insights, in which case a non probability based approach could be more practical. Typically,

quantitative studies lean towards the former, while qualitative studies lean towards the latter In other words, the selection of individual participants is based on the discretion and judgment of the researcher rather than on a predetermined process. Non probability sampling methods are commonly used in qualitative research where the richness and depth of the data are more important than the generalizability of the findings I chose the qualitative approach because it is appropriate in the early stages of research, when the important variables relevant to a particular subject of inquiry may not yet be known Overall, this section will introduce bracketing as a useful practical consideration. Two key features of qualitative research which can be regarded as indicators of the research’s quality, reflexivity and transparency, also inform the guidance outlined. Thematic Analysis and Anticipated Themes in a research proposal When performing qualitative research, researchers use thematic analysis, which has become a popular method for examining qualitative data that contains the detailed descriptive data (Naeem et al., 2023). Mishra et al. (2022) identifies themes as the concept or category of the case study, often found prior to, during, and following the gathering and analysis of the data. Themes often are identified by a specific pattern to form a category or group from alpha-numeric characters. Roberts et al. (2019) continue to elaborate about the importance of identifying themes while analyzing the data to aid in narrowing down the data to be easily understood. Thematic analysis can be complicated and often identified as debatable due to “what constitutes reliability and rigor in relation to qualitative coding” (Roberts et al., 2019, n.p.)

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