f14 103B final midterm

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Anatomy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Name ___________________________ Anatomy and Physiology 103B F2014 Final Midterm Multiple choice. Circle the BEST answer for 15 of the following 16 questions. If more than 10 are answered, only the first 10 will be graded. 1. Segmentation in the alimentary canal is due to contraction of the: a. muscularis mucosa b. circular layer of the muscularis externae c. longitudinal layer of the muscularis externae d. gallbladder e. pharynx 2. Lipids in the blood in the form of LDLs: a. will arrive in the liver and be excreted b. are being moved from fat cells to body cells c. will be converted to VLDLs by body cells d. are richest in cholesterol e. b and d 3. The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens: a. With gastrin secretion by the G cells of the pyloric stomach b. Under the control of the sympathetic nervous system c. To permit pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum d. When CCK levels rise e. C and d 4. Which of the following is NOT a role of saliva a. killing pathogens b. digestion of carbohydrates c. lubrication of food d. preventing dental caries e. hormonal regulation of digestion 5. Waves of contraction in the stomach open the: a. esophageal/cardiac sphincter b. pyloric sphincter c. internal anal sphincter d. ileocecal sphincter e. b and d 6. Bicarbonate sources in the duodenum include: a. goblet cells b. duodenal/Brunners glands c. ductal cells of the pancreas d. bile from the gallbladder e. all of the above
7. A rising blood glucose level would decrease: a. gluconeogenesis b. beta oxidation c. insulin release d. GIP e. a and b 8. One example of a long reflex is: a. gastrin decreasing stomach pH b. release of secretin c. release of histamine d. stretch receptors in the stomach causing vagovagal excitation e. b and c 9. Which two organs can convert glucose 6-P into glucose? a. stomach and duodenum b. kidney and liver c. duodenum and jejunum d. pancreas and liver e. none of the above 10. Which of the following can enter and leave the absorptive cells of the duodenum by facilitated diffusion?: a. cholesterol b. some monosaccharides c. some amino acids d. monoglycerides e. all of the above 11. The stomach protects itself from self digestion by: a. being highly mitotic b. secreting pepsinogen c. separately secreting H + and Cl — d. decreasing gastrin if pH is less than 2 e. all of the above 12. The interstitial cells of Cajal cause? a. secretion of somatostatin b. peristaltic waves of smooth muscle contraction c. opening of the external anal sphincter d. indigestion e. long gastric reflexes 13. Two enzymes found both in saliva and pancreatic juices are: a. trypsin and chymotrypsin b. pepsin and lipase c. amylase and lipase d. nuclease and phosphatase e. a and d
14. HDLs are considered the “good” lipoprotein because: a. they are entirely made up of unsaturated fats b. the majority are moving fat to the liver for excretion c. they are only found in the absorptive cells of the duodenum d. their proteins are made up of essential amino acids e. c and d 15. Which of the following would slow stomach motility? a. serotonin b. Ach c. secretin d. motilin e. ghrelin 16. In defecation stretch receptors in the colon: a. excite a parasympathetic reflex b. inhibit sympathetic activity c. excite the external sphincter muscles d. increase with rising gastrin levels e. a and b Fill in the blanks for 5 of the 6 sentences. (1 pt per blank) 1. Taste buds are sensitive to five flavors, including salt, _________________ , ________________ , __________________ and _____________________ 2. H+ ions move out of the parietal cells when ___________ moves into the parietal cells, while Cl- moves into the parietal cells when ___________ moves out. 3. A brush border protease such as __________________ forms amino acids from di and tripeptides that are then transported into the absorptive cell by secondary active transport with Na+ or with _________ ions. 4. The release of bile and lipase arrive simultaneously stimulated by___________________ so that bile can aid the lipase by ____________________________________________. 5. Short gastric reflexes occur when stretch and chemoreceptors in the stomach send signals to the enteroendocrine cells that causes the release of _______________ and ________________ 6. One pancreatic enzyme that is released in an inactive form is _________________________ which is then activated by ________________________________.
Matching (1 pt each answer) ________ gastrin A. transports chylomicrons to blood ________ muscularis mucosa B. pockets or folds of the large intestine ________ Chief cells C. the “brush border” enzymes are found in this membrane ________intrinsic factor D. secrete bicarbonate into duodenum ________plicae circularis E. released in a circadean rhythm causing hunger ________submucosal plexus F. regulates local movements via short reflexes ________ microvilli G. made by microorganisms in the large intestine ________ haustra H. decreases gastric juice secretion ________myenteric plexus I. causes chyme to move in a spiraling manner ________ pancreatic ductal cells J. required for the absorption of vitamin B12 ________ vitamin K K. regulates peristalsis and segmentation movements ________ chylomicrons L. increasing levels causes the ileocecal valve to open ________ lacteals M. secretes pepsinogen ________ somatostatin N. contraction causes milking of lacteals in duodenum ________ ghrelin O. exits duodenum’s absorptive cells via exocytosis Short Answer. Answer 1 of the following 2 questions (5 pts each) 1. List 5 types of epithelial cells that line the stomach. For each type of cells give one specific and unique role that cell plays in the stomach. 2. List 5 biosynthetic substances made by the liver and for each one listed state it’s function in homeostasis.
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