M3.2 Laboratory Report 4 Worksheet answers
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Name: ____Demauri Simpson______________________________________ M3.2 Laboratory Report 4 Worksheet
PhET Simulation: Forces and Motion
Instructions
Before you start to work on this worksheet, review the M3.2 Laboratory Report 9 Instructions
Submit your completed work to the M3.2 Laboratory Report 4 dropbox. See the Schedule and Course Rubrics in the Syllabus Module for due dates and grading information.
Objectives:
1. Investigate the concept for Net Force and Newton’s second law. 2. Determine how the change in the applied force affects the acceleration.
3. Determine how the different masses affect the acceleration.
Pre-Lab Activities:
1.
Open the simulation using the link to PhET Interactive Simulations at the University of Colorado Boulder:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/forces-and-motion-basics/latest/forces-and-motion-
basics_en.html
2.
Explore the four options available in the simulator
3.
In this laboratory investigation you will be using the Net Force and Motion tabs.
Part I: Net Force
1.
Tick the boxes “Sum of forces” and “Values”
2.
Start by putting a small blue figure and a small red figure on the rope. Observe what the net force is.
net force is on 3.
Put another blue and again and observe the forces and the net force.
Left force blue side= 100N Right force red side=50n Net force=50n 4.
How can a get an equilibrium situation again? Give two possibilities. Place the necessary figures on both sides, take a screenshot of the simulator for each option you propose, and insert it in the lab report
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Adding a big blue to the 2 smaller blues and onwe big red Will give an equailibrium
Alternatively, removing one small blue and the small red will also give an equilibrium
5.
Fill in the following table with the values of the forces (some boxes can have more than one possible correct answer). Place the figures you suggest on both sides, take a screenshot of the simulator for each option, and insert it in the table, as shown.
Situation
Force to the Force to the
Net force (N, left or
left (N)
right (N)
right)
50 N
100 N 50 N, right
100 N
100 N 0 N
150 N 250 N
100 N, right
150 N
200 N
50 N, right
100 N
150 N
50 N, right
50 N 200 N
150 N, right
350 N
250 N
100 N, left
PART I: Constant mass, Changing Force
1. Open the link again and choose the Motion tab: 2. You will see the simulation on “Motion” as shown below:
3. Keep all the items inside the yellow box (upper right-hand corner) ticked.
4. Choose a particular item from bottom left/right boxes and position it on top of the
skateboard.
5. Set the “Applied Force” as 50 N (“N” stands for “Newton”, a unit of force) by
clicking/tapping on the right arrow once. Observe the motion of the crate within 10-15
seconds. You may look at how fast the value of speed changes, as shown in the
circle on the upper left corner.
6. Without changing the chosen item on the skateboard, set the applied force into higher
values (100 N, 150 N, 200 N…) by clicking/tapping on the right arrow. Observe the
motion of the object for at least 10 seconds for each value of applied force. 7. Carefully notice how fast the value of the speed changes for each value of force
applied.
8. What does this observation tell you about the relationship between the external force
applied and the object’s acceleration (the rate of change in velocity)?
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Note: Include your observations and conclusions in the completed laboratory report.
PART II: Constant force, changing mass
1. Click the “reset” button (the round, orange button on the upper right-hand corner) of
the same simulation to clear all the current settings.
2. Tick all the items (force, values, masses, speed) inside the yellow box. Remove the
crate from the top of the skateboard and place it inside the box (lower left).
3. Position the 40-kg child on top of the skateboard. You have to observe its
acceleration within a 5-second time interval by referring to Step 4. Use a digital
stopwatch as a timer.
4. Set the force at 50 N.
The skateboard and its load will then start moving. Stop the
motion of the body by pressing the “pause” button AFTER FIVE (5) SECONDS
(starting from the time you set the force as 50 N). Check the speed (refer to the
speed shown in the circle, upper left) reached by the body within the 5-second time
interval. Record this value in Table 1 as the final velocity of that particular item.
5. Do the same for all the other items listed in the table below. Click “reset” every time
you start with a new item, and always tick all the items inside the yellow box. Remove
the crate (the default setting) on top of the skateboard before placing a new item,
unless the crate itself is the item you need to select. The force must be the same (50
N) for all these items.
6. Compute for the acceleration of all the items considered and record the data in the
last column. The acceleration is equal to final velocity – initial velocity divided by time
(time equals 5 seconds for all the items).
TABLE 1: ACCELERATION OF DIFFERENT BODIES AT 50-N FORCE
ITEM
MASS
(kg)
INITIAL
VELOCITY (m/s)
FINAL
VELOCITY (m/s)
ACCELERATION
(m/s
2
)
Crate
50
0
5.5
5.5
Man
80
0
3.5
3.5
Girl + Crate
90
0
3.1
3.1
Trash can
100
0
2.9
2.9
Man + Crate
130
0
2.2
2.2
Crate + Trash
can
150
0
1.9
1.9
Man + Trash can
180
0
1.5
1.5
Refrigerator
200
0
1.4
1.4
7. What did you notice with the acceleration values obtained by the different items?
What do you think caused the variations in these values? I notice that the larger mass
will have the smaller acceleration and the acceleration is equally proportional to the net
external force and inversely proportional to the mass.