Lab 5_ Archimedes’ Principle

Lab 5: Archimedes’ Principle Objective: To determine the factors affecting the force of buoyancy on an object. You will be analyzing the effect of mass, volume, fluid type, and planet on the force of buoyancy on a submerged object. Technical Information on simulation: The simulation allows you to change the location, fluid type, bottle mass, and bottle volume . A force probe will record the tension for the suspended bottle before, during, and after the bottle is immersed in the fluid. Procedure Part 1: Force Buoyancy vs. Acceleration due to gravity 1. Open the simulation Force Buoyancy Lab (opens in a new window) at http://thephysicsaviary.com/Physics/Programs/Labs/ForceBuoyancy/ 2. Start your experiment on the Earth with a volume of 500 mL, a mass of 1000 grams, and set the fluid to Gasoline. 3. Start the first trial and observe the force probe data in the graph located below the simulation. Record a reading for the force when it was in the air and the force when it was at rest and fully submerged in the fluid. Determine the buoyant force. Repeat for each of the other planetary bodies in the table below. Do not make changes to any other parameter. Planet g (m/s 2 ) Force in Air (N) Force in Fluid (N) Buoyant force (N) Earth 9.8 10 6 4 moon 1.62 1.6 1.1 0.6 Mars 3.71 3.7 2.4 1.3 Venus 8.87 0.9 0.6 0.3 Jupiter 24.79 25 16 9 Vesta 0.22 0.22 0.14 0.08

4. Create a Force Buoyancy vs. g graph in Excel. Fit a trendline to the graph. Title the graph. Include the equation and correlation coefficient for the line of best fit. Attach a screenshot of your graph here. A video for creating graphs is available for reference. https://youtu.be/558oDsFWfqs 5. Based on the equation from your graph, what is the value of the slope? What are the units for the slope? What quantity does it correspond to? (mass, volume, density). 6. Calculate the experimental density of gasoline in kg/m 3 . Compare it to the known (accepted) value from the table in part 2 by calculating the % error. Hint: The mass is the slope from the Force Buoyancy vs. g graph, and the 500 mL volume must be converted to m 3 . To convert the volume in mL to m 3 , multiply the volume in mL by 0.000001. ( 1 mL = . Show all your work. Part 2: Force Buoyancy vs. Fluid Density 1. Start your experiment on Earth with a volume of 600 mL, a mass of 2000 grams, and set the fluid to Gasoline. 2. Start the first trial and observe the force probe data. Record a reading for the force when it was in the air and the force when it was fully in the fluid. Determine the buoyant force. Repeat for each of the other fluids in the table below. Do not make changes to any other parameter. Fluid density (kg/m 3 ) Force in Air (N) Force in Fluid (N) Buoyant force (N) Gasoline 737 20 15 5 Maple Syrup 1333 20 12 8 Crude Oil 825 20 15 5 Fresh Water 1000 20 14 6 Mercury 13500 20 0 20 3. Write at least two interesting observations from your data. 1. The buoyant force varies with fluid density, with less dense fluids exerting higher buoyant forces. 2. Mercury shows a buoyant force equal to the force in air, despite exerting no force when objects are submerged in it, due to its extremely high density.

4. What is the slope? What are the units of the slope? (This slope is the product of density and gravitational acceleration g ). Divide the slope by 0.000001 to get your slope to N/m 3 ). Slope= ___ 12603.25 ___ N/m 3 5. Determine the experimental density of the Maple Syrup by dividing the slope in N/m 3 by g = 9.8 m/s 2 . This will then be in units of kg/m 3 . Slope= ___ 1286.05 ___ kg/m 3 6. Compare the experimental density in kg/m 3 to the accepted density given in the table from Part 2, by getting the percentage error. Conclusion: Write a conclusion that addresses the objectives. Indicate at least three (3) lessons learned. Include a discussion of sources of errors and suggest ways to improve the results. The experiment aimed to explore factors affecting buoyancy on objects, such as mass, volume, fluid type, and gravitational acceleration. Through simulations and data analysis, I found that gravitational acceleration directly affects buoyant force, less dense fluids exert higher buoyant forces, and object volume inversely impacts buoyant force. Improving accuracy through validation, calibrating equipment, controlling environmental variables, and increasing sample size can enhance the reliability of results.