5 - Linear Acceleration - Report - W24 (1)
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School
Oakland University *
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Course
1100
Subject
Aerospace Engineering
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
6
Uploaded by ElderProtonHawk38
PHY 1100 – Linear Acceleration – Report
Name:
Data and Calculations – Part 1
Height of the ramp:
Length of the ramp: Angle of incline using plumb line:
Angle of incline using trigonometry: Precision of the stopwatch:
Data Table 1
Trial #
Distance
Traveled (*)
(m)
Time
( )
Velocity
( )
Acceleration
( )
1
0.45
2
0.45
3
0.45
4
0.45
5
0.45
Average:
6
0.90 7
0.90
8
0.90
9
0.90
10
0.90
Average:
11
1.35
12
1.35
13
1.35
14
1.35
15
1.35
Average:
(*) For a shorter ramp, replace (0.45, 90.0, 1.35) with (0.30, 0.60, 0.90) or (0.25, 0.50, 0.75)…
Data and Calculations – Part 2
Height of the ramp:
Length of the ramp: Angle of incline using plumb line:
Angle of incline using trigonometry: Data Table 2
Trial #
Distance
Traveled (*)
(m)
Time
( )
Velocity
( )
Acceleration
( )
1
0.45
2
0.45
3
0.45
4
0.45
5
0.45
Average:
6
0.90
7
0.90
8
0.90
9
0.90
10
0.90
Average:
11
1.35
12
1.35
13
1.35
14
1.35
15
1.35
Average:
(*) For a shorter ramp, replace (0.45, 90.0, 1.35) with (0.30, 0.60, 0.90) or (0.25, 0.50, 0.75)…
Graphs
1 – Draw a graph of Velocity
versus Distance
for both angles of incline, using Microsoft Excel
.
(You may refer to the “Graphing with Excel” PDF and video on Moodle.) a)
Start by creating a worksheet in which you enter the average distance traveled
(x-axis)
in column A and the measured average velocity
(y-axis) in column B for the first angle of incline, and in column C for the second angle of incline.
b)
Click and drag the cursor to select all three columns of your data table
c)
Click on Insert
and choose Charts
Hover the cursor over the different charts until you come to XY(Scatter)
Click on the arrow next to it, to expand your choices, and at the bottom click on More Scatter Charts
. Choose the second one from the left, the one displaying the two lines joining the data points
d)
A plot of your data should appear. Click on it to select the plot
e)
Selecting the symbol to the right of the plot, you can now add Axis Titles, etc.
Select Chart Title
–> type the title ‘Velocity versus Distance’
Select Axis Titles
–> Primary Horizontal
–> type ‘Distance’
Select Axis Titles
–> Primary Vertical
–> type ‘Velocity’
f)
Finally, click on and Select Trendline –> Linear for both graphs.
Copy and paste the graph here:
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2 – Draw a graph of Acceleration
versus Distance
for both angles of incline.
g)
Start by creating a worksheet in which you enter the average distance traveled
(x-axis)
in column A and the average acceleration
(y-axis) in column B for the first angle of incline, and column C for the second angle.
h)
Click and drag the cursor to select all three columns of your data table
i)
Click on Insert
and choose Charts
Hover the cursor over the different charts until you come to XY(Scatter)
Click on the arrow next to it, to expand your choices, and at the bottom click on More Scatter Charts. Choose the second icon from the left, the one displaying two
lines joining the data points
j)
A plot of your data should appear. Click on it to select the plot
k)
Selecting the symbol to the right of the plot, you can now add Axis Titles, etc.
Select Chart Title
–> type the title ‘Acceleration versus Distance’
Select Axis Titles
–> Primary Horizontal
–> type ‘Distance’
Select Axis Titles
–> Primary Vertical
–> type ‘Acceleration’
l)
Finally, click on and Select Trendline –> Linear for both graphs.
Copy and paste the graph here:
Analysis:
1)
Newton’s First law states that, if no net force acts on an object, if the object is at rest, it will remain at rest, and if in motion, it will continue moving in the same direction with constant speed. Are there forces that cancel out in the case of the marble rolling down the
ramp? If so, which ones, and what is the consequence?
2)
With reference to the graph Velocity versus Distance, does the marble’s velocity increase, decrease, or remain constant as it rolls down the ramp? Was this expected? Explain your reasoning.
3)
As the marble rolls down the ramp, do you expect its acceleration to increase, decrease, or remain constant? Why so?
4)
With reference to the graph Acceleration versus Distance, does the marble’s acceleration increase, decrease, or remain constant as it rolls down the ramp? Is this in agreement with
your predictions? If not, what could have caused the discrepancy?
5)
With reference to the graph Acceleration versus Distance, how does the marble’s acceleration you measured for the larger angle of incline compare to that for the smaller angle?
Conclusions:
In reference to the free body diagram on page 3 of the write-up of this experiment, in absence
of friction, the force responsible for the acceleration of the marble down the incline is:
F
g sinθ = (mg) sinθ = m (g sinθ) = ma
The acceleration you measured is therefore linked to the acceleration of gravity by: a = g sinθ
6)
Using the average of the three average accelerations in Data Table 1, calculate your experimental value of g, using: g
exp
= a/sinθ = 7)
The accepted value of g is 9.80 m/s
2
. You can now calculate the percent difference between your measured value and the expected one:
% diff = g
experimental
−
g
accepted
g
accepted
= If this percent difference is less than 10%, you can consider the experiment reasonably successful. 8)
What could be the possible cause(s) of the difference between the two values?
Questions:
9)
Suppose you were to repeat the experiment using the same angles of incline, but a ramp with a rougher surface. How would you expect the results of your experiment to differ?
10) Suppose you join one of the upcoming missions to the Moon, where the acceleration of gravity is g
= 1.62 m/s
2
. How would you expect the results of your experiment to differ? Please include a photo of your experimental setup here.
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