Chapter4_full_Presentation_of_financial_statements

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Chapter 4 Presentation of Financial Statements ACCT 2111
Recap of Chapter 3 2 LO 1: the accrual basis VS the cash basis of accounting -> revenue and expense recognition Cash basis: cash payments=expenses, cash receipts=revenues LO 2: the adjusting process LO 3: deferral adjustments LO 4: accrual adjustments Date 1 Date 2 End of period
Recap of Chapter 3 3 The 4 scenarios in accrual accounting End of period adjustment: record accrued expenses or revenues (1) write down journal entries for them; (2) provide 1 or 2 examples for each scenario; (3) write down adjustment journal entries for a period end; (4) explain the impact of such adjustments on net income In-class exercise of Chapter 3 Revenue Expense Cash payment/receipts are earlier A. Receive cash first, sell products/services later B. Pay cash first, buy products/services later Cash payment/receipts are later C. Sell products/services first, pay cash later D. Buy products/services first, pay cash later
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Chapter 4 Presentation of Financial Statements 4
Chapter 4 Presentation of Financial Statements 5 Part 1: Preparation of Financial Statements An Illustration Homework question in Chapter 3 Part 2: Closing process and summarize accounting cycle Part 3: Presentation of Financial Statements
Part 1 Preparation of Financial Statements An Illustration 6 Mike Lester established Mike’s Bikes on December 1, 2016. Mike’s Bikes purchases bikes from various suppliers and sells them to customers. The following slides illustrate several accounting transactions. Be sure to note that the accounting equation remains in balance following the recording of each transaction.
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T1 - Issued Stock 7 On December 1, 2016, Mike invested $30,000 cash in exchange for the company’s common stock. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Cash = Common Stock 1 +30,000 +30,000 $30,000 $30,000 Dec 1 Dr. Cash 30,000 Cr. Common Stock 30,000
T2 - Paid Rent in Advance 8 On December 1 , Mike’s Bikes prepaid a year’s building rent at $500 per month; meaning it paid $6,000 . Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Cash + Prepaid Rent Common Stock +30,000 +30,000 2 -6,000 +6,000 $24,000 $6,000 $30,000 $30,000 = $30,000 Dec 1 Dr. Prepaid Rent 6,000 Cr. Cash 6,000
T3 - Purchased Merchandise Inventory on Account 9 On December 1, Mike’s Bikes purchased $3,000 of merchandise inventory on account . Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Cash + Merch. Inventory + Prepaid Rent = Accounts Payable + Common Stock +30,000 +30,000 -6,000 +6,000 3 +3,000 +3,000 $24,000 $3,000 $6,000 $3,000 $30,000 $33,000 = $33,000 Dec 1 Dr. Merch. Inventory 3,000 Cr. Accounts Payable 3,000
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T4 - Signed Bank Note for Cash 10 On December 1 , Mike’s Bikes obtained a two-year bank loan in the amount of $20,000. Annual interest charges on the note amount to 6 percent and are due each November 30 . Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Cash + Merch. Inventory + Prepaid Rent = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Common Stock +30,000 +30,000 -6,000 +6,000 +3,000 +3,000 4 +20,000 +20,000 $44,000 $3,000 $6,000 $3,000 $20,000 $30,000 $53,000 = $53,000 Dec 1 Dr. Cash 20,000 Cr. Notes Payable 20,000
T5 - Purchased Equipment 11 On December 2, Mike’s Bikes purchased equipment used for bike maintenance and assembly. Mike used $15,000 cash from the bank loan. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Cash + Merch. Inventory + Prepaid Rent + Equip. = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Common Stock +30,000 +30,000 -6,000 +6,000 +3,000 +3,000 +20,000 +20,000 5 -15,000 +15,000 $29,000 $3,000 $6,000 $15,000 $3,000 $20,000 $30,000 $53,000 = $53,000 Dec 2 Dr. Equipment 15,000 Cr. Cash 15,000
T6 - Hired a Part-Time Employee 12 The employee will be paid $1,000 per month. There is no accounting transaction at the time of hiring since no asset, liability, or stockholders’ equity account is affected at this time. A human being is not an asset.
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T7 - Sold Bikes 13 During December, Mike’s Bikes sold $12,000 of bikes for cash. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Retained Earning Cash + Merch. Inventory + Prepaid Rent + Equip. = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Revenue - Expense + Common Stock +30,000 +30,000 -6,000 +6,000 +3,000 +3,000 +20,000 +20,000 -15,000 +15,000 6 +12,000 +12,000 $41,000 $3,000 $6,000 $15,000 $3,000 $20,000 $12,000 $30,000 $65,000 = $65,000 Dec 31 Dr. Cash 12,000 Cr. Sales Revenue 12,000
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Retained Earning Cash + Merch. Inventory + Prepaid Rent + Equip. = Accounts Payable + Notes Payable + Revenue - Expense + Common Stock 1 +30,000 +30,000 2 -6,000 +6,000 3 +3,000 +3,000 4 +20,000 +20,000 5 -15,000 +15,000 6 +12,000 +12,000 8 -1,000 - +1,000 $40,000 $3,000 $6,000 $15,000 $3,000 $20,000 $12,000 $1,000 $30,000 $64,000 = $64,000 T8 - Paid Employee 14 At the end of the month, Mike’s Bikes paid its part -time employee $1,000. Dec 31 Dr. Wage Expense 1,000 Cr. Cash 1,000
Example Trial Balance 15 Mike’s Bikes Unadjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Debit Credit Cash $40,000 Merchandise inventory 3,000 Prepaid rent 6,000 Equipment 15,000 Accounts payable $ 3,000 Notes payable 20,000 Common stock 30,000 Sales revenue 12,000 Wages expense 1,000 ______ Totals $ 65,000 $65,000 Journal entries Ledger accounts (T-accounts) Debit or Credit balance? List all debt balance accounts and all credit balance accounts Unadjusted trial balance
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A1 - Allocating Previously Recorded Assets to Expenses 16 (1) Mike’s Bikes determined the end -of-year merchandise inventory to be $500. This represents that amount of the $3,000 purchase that has not been used up , to generate December sales. Beginning inventory + inventory purchased inventory sold = ending inventory Dec. 31 Dr. Cost of goods sold 2,500 Cr. Merch. inventory 2,500 To record expense of merch. inventory used up.
A2 - Allocating Previously Recorded Assets to Expenses 17 (2) Mike’s bikes prepaid one year of its $500 per month building rent. The 6,000 was paid on December 1! Dec. 31 Dr. Rent expense 500 Cr. Prepaid rent 500 To record December building rent expense.
A3 - Allocating Previously Recorded Assets to Expenses 18 (3) Mike’s Bikes purchased equipment for $15,000. The equipment is expected to have a useful life of five years, at which time it will be completely worthless. Monthly depreciation expense is computed as ($15,000-0)/60 months. Dec. 31 Dr. Depreciation expense 250 Cr. Accumulated depreciation Equip. 250 To record December depreciation expense on the equipment.
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A4 - Recording Previously Unrecorded Expenses 19 (4) Mike’s Bikes received a $20,000 bank loan with annual interest of six percent. The first annual interest payment is due November 30, 2017 . Monthly interest expense is calculated as $20,000 x 0.06 x 1/12 Dec. 31 Dr. Interest expense 100 Cr. Interest payable 100 To record December interest expense.
A5 - Recording Previously Unrecorded Revenue 20 (5) Mike’s Bikes delivered an order for a $200 bike on December 31. The customer will not be paying for the bike until January 7 th of the next year. Dec. 31 Dr. Accounts receivable 200 Cr. Sales revenue 200 To record sales revenue for bike delivered but not paid for.
Mike’s Bikes Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Unadjusted Trail Balance Adjustments Adjusted Trial Balance Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Cash $40,000 $40,000 Accounts receivable (5) $200 200 Merchandise inventory 3,000 (1) $2,500 500 Prepaid rent 6,000 (2) 500 5,500 Equipment 15,000 15,000 Accumulated depreciation Equip. (3) 250 $250 Accounts payable $3,000 3,000 Interest payable (4) 100 100 Notes payable 20,000 20,000 Common stock 30,000 30,000 Sales revenue 12,000 (5) 200 12,200 Cost of goods sold (1) 2,500 2,500 Wages expense 1,000 1,000 Rent expense (2) 500 500 Depreciation expense (3) 250 250 Interest expense ______ ______ (4) 100 _____ 100 ______ Totals $ 65,000 $65,000 $3,550 $3,550 $65,550 $65,550 Complete Adjusted Trial Balance 21 Total Adjustment Debits and Credits Complete Adjusted Trial Balance
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Mike’s Bikes Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Debit Credit Cash $40,000 Accounts receivable 200 Merchandise inventory 500 Prepaid rent 5,500 Equipment 15,000 Accumulated depr. Equip $250 Accounts payable 3,000 Interest payable 100 Notes payable 20,000 Common stock 30,000 Sales revenue 12,200 Cost of goods sold 2,500 Wages expense 1,000 Rent expense 500 Depreciation expense 250 Interest expense 100 Totals $65,550 $65,550 Mike’s Bikes Income Statement For Month Ended December 31, 2016 Sales revenue $12,200 Expenses Cost of goods sold $2,500 Wages expense 1,000 Rent expense 500 Depreciation expense 250 Interest expense 100 Total expense 4,350 Net income $7,850 Net income will be an input for the statement of stockholders’ equity prepared next. Prepare the Income Statement 22
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Mike’s Bikes Statement of Stockholders’ Equity For Month Ended December 31, 2016 Common Stock Retained Earnings Total Balance, December 1, 2013 $0 $0 $0 Add: Common stock issued in December 30,000 30,000 Net income for December 7,850 7,850 Less: Dividends in December 0 0 Balance, December 31, 2013 $30,000 $7,850 $37,850 Mike’s Bikes Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Debit Credit Cash $40,000 Accounts receivable 200 Merchandise inventory 500 Prepaid rent 5,500 Equipment 15,000 Accumulated depr. Equip. $250 Accounts payable 3,000 Interest payable 100 Notes payable 20,000 Common stock 30,000 Sales revenue 12,200 Cost of goods sold 2,500 Wages expense 1,000 Rent expense 500 Depreciation expense 250 Interest expense 100 Totals $65,550 $65,550 From Income Statement Prepare the Statement of Stockholders’ Equity 23 Retained earnings will be an input on the balance sheet prepared next.
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Mike’s Bikes Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Debit Credit Cash $40,000 Accounts receivable 200 Merchandise inventory 500 Prepaid rent 5,500 Equipment 15,000 Accumulated depr. Equip. $250 Accounts payable 3,000 Interest payable 100 Notes payable 20,000 Common stock 30,000 Sales revenue 12,200 Cost of goods sold 2,500 Wages expense 1,000 Rent expense 500 Depreciation expense 250 Interest expense 100 Totals $65,550 $65,550 Prepare the Balance Sheet 24 Mike’s Bikes Balance Sheet December 31, 2016 Assets Cash $40,000 Accounts receivable 200 Supplies inventory 500 Prepaid rent 5,500 Total current assets $46,200 Equipment 15,000 Accumulated depr. Equip. (250) Equip. net 14,750 Total assets $60,950 Liabilities Accounts payable $3,000 Interest payable 100 Total current liabilities $3,100 Notes payable 20,000 Total liabilities 23,100 Stockholders’ Equity Common stock 30,000 Retained earnings 7,850 Total stockholders’ equity 37,850 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $60,950 Distinguish the two: Don’t show debit or credit balance in the Balance Sheet.
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Chapter 3 homework 25 Prepare classified balance sheet, statement of changes in equity and income statement for the year ended March 31, 2018
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26 Part 2 Describe the closing process and summarize the accounting cycle.
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Permanent and Temporary Accounts 27 Permanent accounts are accounts whose balances carry over from one accounting period to the next. Accounts on the balance sheet Temporary accounts are used to gather information for a particular accounting period and then reset to zero by transferring the balance to a permanent account. Permanent Accounts Temporary Accounts Assets Revenues Liabilities Expenses Common Stock Dividends Retained Earnings
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Closing Process 28 Temporary accounts are zeroed out at the close of the accounting period in order to “start fresh” in the next period. The balances in these accounts are transferred to Retained Earnings a permanent account. Dividends are also closed to Retained Earnings
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Closing Process Illustrated 29 Dec. 31 Dr. Sales revenue 12,200 Cr. Retained earnings 12,200 To close the revenue accounts. Dec. 31 Dr. Retained earnings 4,350 Cr. Cost of goods sold 2,500 Cr. Wages expense 1,000 Cr. Rent expense 500 Cr. Depreciation expense 250 Cr. Interest expense 100 To close the expense accounts. Closing revenue and expenses accounts
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Closing Process Illustrated 30 Dec. 31 Dr. Retained Earnings 7,000 Cr. Dividends 7,000 To close the dividends accounts. Closing the dividends account (see more in Chapter 10)
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Closing Process Illustrated 31 Practice: Show the closing process in the T-account of Retained Earnings. Service Revenue has a credit balance of $12,200 Cost of goods sold 2,500 Wages expense 1,000 Rent expense 500 Depreciation expense 250 Interest expense 100 Dividends 7,000
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Post-Closing Trial Balance 32 A post-closing trial balance is prepared once the temporary accounts have been closed to Retained Earnings. Mike’s Bikes Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2016 Debit Credit Cash $40,000 Accounts receivable 200 Merchandise inventory 500 Prepaid rent 5,500 Equipment 15,000 Accumulated depreciation Equipment $ 250 Accounts payable 3,000 Interest payable 100 Notes payable 20,000 Common stock 30,000 Retained earnings ______ 7,850 Totals $61,200 $61,200
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Part 3 Presentation of Financial Statements 33 Structure of an Annual Report An annual report has the following structure Corporate information Analysis and commentaries Other statement or disclosures Financial statements An acknowledgement by directors and management An auditor’s report: unqualified opinion , qualified opinion , and adverse opinion The full set of financial statements Find annual/quarterly reports of HKEX firms: https://www1.hkexnews.hk/search/titlesearch.xhtml Find annual/quarterly reports of US listed firms: https:// www.sec.gov/edgar/search-and-access Example: Microsoft annual report: https://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar22/index.html A short-cut for information users: use databases, business media or trading platforms
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Part 3 Presentation of Financial Statements 34 Financial statements comprise: Statement of financial position at the end of the period Statement of comprehensive income for the period A single Statement of Comprehensive Income Two statements: income Statement & statement of Comprehensive Income Statement of changes in equity for the period Statement of cash flows for the period Notes comprising summary of significant accounting policies and other information
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Part 3 Presentation of Financial Statements 35 Other comprehensive income (optional): Other comprehensive income includes items that we would normally not cover in an introductory financial accounting course. They include: changes in revaluation surplus for PPE and intangible assets some actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit plans gains and losses arising from translating the financial statements of a foreign operation gains and losses from investments in equity instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income the effective portion of gains and losses on hedging instruments in a cash flow hedge for some liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss, the changes in fair value attributable to changes in credit risks
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Statement of Comprehensive Income Formats 36
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Key Reconciling Items for Statement of Changes in Equity Or, equity is adjusted to accounting policy change and/or prior-period errors . 37
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Exercise 1 38 An entity’s equity may decrease during a financial period because: a. Other comprehensive income was lower than net profit. b. There was a new share issuance. c. Total comprehensive income was higher than net profit. d. Prior- period errors resulted from overstatement of the previous year’s profits. Answer: d
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Exercise 2 39 The accounts of Bay View Services Ltd. as of June 30, 20X5, are listed below in alphabetical order. Requirement: Prepare the Bay View Services’ classified Balance Sheet at June 30, 20X5. Show necessary captions.
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Questions? 40
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