Chapter 9, Problem 11RQ

How do somatic sensations differ from special senses?

Rods differ from cones in the following ways: a. They detect dim light, not bright light. b. They have a different visual pigment. c. They are not located in the retina. d. All of the above. e. a and b only

Figure 36.18 Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The cornea is a protective layer on the front of the eye.

For vertebrate photoreception, define: (a) photopigment; (b) photoreceptor; and (c) receptive field.

Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/l_3-D1) to learn more about how the brain perceives 3-D motion. Similar to how retinal disparity offers 3-D moviegoers a way to extract 3-D information from the two-dimensional visual field projected onto the retina, the brain can extract information about movement in space by comparing what the two eyes see. If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. If both eyes see an object moving in the same direction, but at different rates, what would that mean for spatial movement?

Why is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? Cones are denser in the periphery of the retina Bipolar cells are denser in the periphery of the retina Rods are denser in the periphery of the retina The optic nerve exits at the periphery of the retina.

How could the pineal gland, the brain structure that plays a role in annual cycles, use visual information from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

Figure 36.14 Cochlear implants can restore hearing in people who have a nonfunctional cochlea The implant consists of a microphone that picks up sound. A speech processor selects sounds in the range of human speech, and a transmitter converts these sounds to electrical impulses, which are then sent to the auditory nerve. Which of the following types of hearing loss would not be restored by a cochlear implant? Hearing loss resulting from absence or loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Hearing loss resulting from an abnormal auditory nerve. Hearing loss resulting from fracture of the cochlea. Hearing loss resulting from damage to bones of the middle ear.

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Cochlear implants bring hearing to many children who are born deaf. The prognosis is best when the device is implanted before the child is three years old (during the early years when language is developed). Many individuals in the deaf community (which consists of individuals born deaf or who are affected by deafness) who communicate with sign language oppose cochlear implants. They do not view the inability to hear as a disability. This perspective raises ethical questions for some families with children who are deaf. Argue for and against cochlear implants for very young children.