Chapter 7, Problem 7.1E

Shown below is P-V diagram for a reversible cycle enclosed by 4 reversible process curves.  The curve 1-2 and the curve 3-4 are  reversible isothermal processes, and The curve 2-3 and the curve 1-4 are reversible adiabatic processes. If the cycle direction is counter clockwise, answer the question below. Select curve(s) which represent process(es) outputing work to surroundings?____       A. curve 1-2     B. curve 3-4   C. curve 2-3   D. curve 1-4

An irreversible motor operates between reservoirs at Th = 550 K and Tc = 350 K, with an efficiency of 25%. In each cycle heat Qh = 1200 J is extracted from the reservoir at temperature Th, and this heat is added to the working substance in the motor. The heat |Qc| is taken from the motor to the reservoir at temperature Tc.A) Determine the change in entropy of the universe for one cycle of operationB) How much more work could be done by a reversible motor operating between these reservoirs, with the same heat input for each cycle? JustifyC) Show that for each cycle, the amount of work that becomes unavailable due to the irreversibility of the process is equal to TcΔSuniverse

Define the Mechanisms of exergy transfer.

TRUE OR FALSE 1. Heat flows from hot object to cold object and vice versa, as exhibited by heat pumps.2. It's impossible to have 100% efficient engines, however, it's possible to convert 100% of heat into useful work.3. Natural processes tend to be more ordered than disordered due to entropy.4. The efficiency e of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of the work W done by the engine to the high temperature heat input Qh.5. All heat engines give rise to thermal pollution.

Define the exergy destruction, which is the wasted work potential during a process as a result of irreversibilities.

Which of the following about entropy is FALSE? A When energy leaves a hot reservoir as heat, the entropy of the reservoir decreases. B The entropy of an ideal gas increases when expands isothermally. C) The flow of energy as heat from a cold source to a hot sink is considered to be spontaneous. D The increase in entropy is expressed in terms of its heat capacity when a substance is heated. A process can already be considered as totally reversible if A Both external and internal irreversibilities are absent. B) There is no external irreversibility. © If the process can be reversed by any possible means. D There is no internal irreversibility.

A closed system undergoes a cycle consisting of three process 1-2, 2-3 and 3-1.  Given that Q12 = 30kJ, Q23 = 10 kJ, 1w2 = 5 kJ, 3w2 = 5 kJ and DE31 = 15 kJ, Evaluate Q31, w23, DE12 and DE23.

Answer true (T) or false (F) as appropriate1. Entropy is a measure of irreversibilities in processes.2. The entropy of the universe must always decrease.3. The thermal efficiency of a Carnot engine is the maximum possible.4. The gas turbine operates on the Rankine cycle.5. The steam turbine operates on the Brayton cycle.

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