Chapter 7, Problem 37PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The isomers of the given molecule ${\text{C}}_4{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}\text{I}$ and their reactivity towards ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction should be identified.

Isomers: compounds having same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Examples:

                       

                                          ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\text{O}$                                      ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}\text{O}$

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays a major role in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate consists of more substitution the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor that more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage.

Examples: