Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, And Service (6th Edition) (halderman Automotive Series)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135257272
Author: James D. Halderman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 68, Problem 1RQ
What is the difference between summer-blend and winter-blend gasoline?
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
Difference between summer-blend and winter-blend gasoline.
Explanation of Solution
Gasoline:
Gasoline is the mixture of various hydrocarbons. Gasoline is refined from the crude petroleum oil. Gasoline is combusted along with air in the cylinder of the engine to produce required power output.
Volatility:
It is one of the properties of the gasoline to become vaporize. Gasoline should be vaporized to mix with air for proper combustion. Thus, the gasoline should possess good volatile property. The pressure and temperature of the atmosphere play a significant role in vaporizations of gasoline. The unit RVP (Reid vapor pressure) measures the volatility of a gasoline. RVP is the pressure of the vapor that is present above the fuel level when temperature of the fuel is 100°F (38°C).
Seasonal blending:
To normalize the pre or post vaporization of gasoline, blending is introduced into gasoline, depending on the seasonal pressure and temperature. It is classified into two types as follows:
- 1. Summer-blending – Do not vaporize at low temperatures.
- 2. Winter-blending - Vaporize at low temperatures.
Both the summer and winter blended gasolines are specially formulated gasolines to achieve proper and complete combustion depending on the season.
Difference between summer and winter blended gasoline:
The significant difference between the summer and winter blended gasoline is volatility. The volatility of summer-blended gasoline should be 7 PSI RVP and the volatility of winter blended gasoline should be 15 PSI RVP. The volatility of summer-blended gasoline should not exceed 10.5 PSI RVP.
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Required information
A one-shell-pass and eight-tube-passes heat exchanger is used to heat glycerin (cp=0.60 Btu/lbm.°F) from 80°F to 140°F
by hot water (Cp = 1.0 Btu/lbm-°F) that enters the thin-walled 0.5-in-diameter tubes at 175°F and leaves at 120°F. The total
length of the tubes in the heat exchanger is 400 ft. The convection heat transfer coefficient is 4 Btu/h-ft²°F on the glycerin
(shell) side and 70 Btu/h-ft²°F on the water (tube) side.
NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.
Determine the rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger before any fouling occurs.
Correction factor F
1.0
10
0.9
0.8
R=4.0 3.0 2.0.15 1.0 0.8.0.6 0.4 0.2
0.7
0.6
R=
T1-T2
12-11
0.5
12-11
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
(a) One-shell pass and 2, 4, 6, etc. (any multiple of 2), tube passes
P=
T₁-11
The rate of heat transfer in the heat exchanger is
Btu/h.
!
Required information
Air at 25°C (cp=1006 J/kg.K) is to be heated to 58°C by hot oil at 80°C (cp = 2150 J/kg.K) in a cross-flow heat exchanger
with air mixed and oil unmixed. The product of heat transfer surface area and the overall heat transfer coefficient is 750
W/K and the mass flow rate of air is twice that of oil.
NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.
Air
Oil
80°C
Determine the effectiveness of the heat exchanger.
In an industrial facility, a counter-flow double-pipe heat exchanger uses superheated steam at a temperature of 155°C to
heat feed water at 30°C. The superheated steam experiences a temperature drop of 70°C as it exits the heat exchanger.
The water to be heated flows through the heat exchanger tube of negligible thickness at a constant rate of 3.47 kg/s. The
convective heat transfer coefficient on the superheated steam and water side is 850 W/m²K and 1250 W/m²K,
respectively. To account for the fouling due to chemical impurities that might be present in the feed water, assume
a fouling factor of 0.00015 m²-K/W for the water side.
The specific heat of water is determined at an average temperature of (30 +70)°C/2 = 50°C and is taken to be
J/kg.K.
Cp=
4181
Water
Steam
What would be the required heat exchanger area in case of parallel-flow arrangement?
The required heat exchanger area in case of parallel-flow arrangement is
1m².
Chapter 68 Solutions
Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, And Service (6th Edition) (halderman Automotive Series)
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