FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119634928
Author: Borgnakke
Publisher: WILEY
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A reversible heat engine absorbs 3000 kJ
from a reservoir at 1000 K and rejects 2500
kJ at 500 K. Find the heat interchanged
with the reservoir at 300 K and the net
work output of the engine.
Problem 4.01. A carnot refrigerator (carnot cycle heat pump in reverse) operating between Th and Te is
used to cool and freeze a bottle of water, volume V, at a temperature To < Th to freezing temperature T
(known density Pw, heat capacity cw). (a) Find the work required to cool and freeze the water. (b) Find
the change in entropy in the heat baths, and use it to place a limit on the change in entropy of the water
(without calculating the entropy change in the water).
The C.O.P. of a carnot refrigerator:
KR=
Qc
=
W
Te
Th-Te
A piston with water vapor at a pressure of 300 kPa and a temperature of 175 oC. 20 kg of fluid is compressed up to 950 kPa pressure in the cylinder arrangement. Piston cylinder device to a heat well at 80 oC in order to keep the temperature of the water in it constant. The heat generated during compression is discarded. a) What phase is the water in the first case? In the last case, what phase is the water in? b) Find the entropy change in water by the process. c) From the cylinder, assuming that the process is a reversible process at constant temperature. Calculate the amount of heat absorbed. d) Find the entropy change of the heat well. e) Consider the total entropy change including the piston-cylinder mechanism and the heat indicate whether the transaction is reversible or irreversible when received. f) T (° C) -s (kJ / kgK) and P (Pa) - by specifying the state change saturation curves and values Show in (m³ / kg) diagrams.
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- ii. Inside the cylinder-piston is water with at-200C. During isothermal process, 550 kJ of heat is transferred to the water. Due to this, some water evaporated. The change of entropy of water during this process.arrow_forward9 In a constant temperature, transferred to the working fluid at 80F. What is the change of entropy of the working fluid, KJ/kg-K? closed system process, 120 BTU of heat is 10 1ne in -rease of certain is 141 KJ/ka when the gasarrow_forwardCalculate the workdone, heat transfer and change in entropy. Do not need to solve. I just need the steps to solve it e.g equations etc.arrow_forward
- 40°C 4. A mixing chamber receives 5 kg/min of ammonia as saturated liquid at -20°C from one line (1) and ammonia at 40°C, 250 kPa from another line (2). The chamber also receives 325 kJ/min of energy as heat transferred from a 40°C reservoir as shown in figure. At the outlet, ammonia leaves as saturated vapor at -20°C. Find the mass flow rate in second line and calculate the total entropy generation in the process. Is this process possible?arrow_forwardheat engine used a steam as working fluid has 3 kg/s and initial the steam undergoes to expansion process is 8 bar, dryness fraction ( 65) percent , and the expansion follows the law (PV¹.¹-C), down to a pressure of 0.3 bar. Calculate the change of entropy of steam during the process.arrow_forwardAn adiabatic turbine has an efficiency of 90%. If air is compressed from 1100kpa and 227 degree Celsius to 101kpa. Find the work done and final temperature. Sketch process on T-S diagram.arrow_forward
- A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1 kg/s water flow at 10 kPa quality 95% to saturated liquid at 10 kPa. The cooling is done by lake water at 20 degree Celsius that returns to the lake at 30 degree Celsius. For an insulated condenser, find the flow rate of cooling water.arrow_forwardA pressure cooker 6 ltrarrow_forwardA steam turbine receives 0.52 MPa of steam at 300 C. Then expand in an irreversible adiabatic process to a pressure of 0.012 MPa. If the exhaust steam is dry and saturated, calculate:a. The work of an irreversible processb. The efficiency of the process.arrow_forward
- A car or engine takes 2000 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work, and discards some heat to a reservoir at 350 K. Find the total entropy change in the engine during one cyclearrow_forwardThrough a combustion of a fossil fuel at 35000C, an engine receives energy at a rate of 3000Btu/s to heat a steam to 15000C. There is no energy loss during the combustion process, the steam in turn produces 1000Btu/s of work and rejects the remaining energy to the surrounding at 3000C, What is the thermal efficiency of the plant? What is the reversible work and Carnot efficiency? What is irreversibility?arrow_forwardA pressure cooker 6 litres in volume contains 5 kg of water, where the liquid is in equilibrium with the vapour above it, at 30°C. The cooker with its lid closed and weight on, is heated until the vapour produced results in an increase in pressure, and the weight just lifts up at 2 bar. i. If the flame heating the cooker is at 400°C, calculate the entropy generation due to the external irreversibility. Calculate the heat transferred in the process. ii. Assume that the heating of water is reversible; neglect heating of the cooker body; assume heat transfer to water takes place at its average temperature for the above process. Use property data given below.arrow_forward
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