PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (OER)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 2810023110024
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Chapter 5, Problem 12RQ
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3. Case 2) Coal plants exit, and Solar generation enters the market
Now, let's consider a scenario where the coal power plant (#1) shuts down and exits the market,
and a solar generation facility is constructed. The capacity of the solar generation facility is the
same as the coal power plant that went out of business. The generation capacities of this market
are shown below, along with their MC.
Table 3: Power Plant Capacity and Marginal Cost: Case 2
Plant #
Energy Source
Capacity (MW)
MC (S/MWh)
2
Oil
100
90
3
Natural Gas
500
50
4
Nuclear
600
0
5
Solar
300
5
Note that the solar plant (#5) can generate electricity only from 7 AM until 5PM. During these
hours, the plant can generate up to its full capacity (300 MW) but cannot generate any when
unavailable.
(a) Draw a supply curve for each hourly market (4AM, 10 AM, 2PM, 6PM).
(b) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM).
(c) Find the…
Respond to L.R.
To analyze consumer spending, you must review the macroeconomic indicators of Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) and Retail Sales over the past year.
Selected Macroeconomic indicators
Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) measure the value of household goods and services consumed and are a key indicator of consumer spending.
- Retail Sales: This tracks the total receipts of retail stores and provides insight into consumer demand and spending trends.
- Patterns over the past year:
Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Over the past year, PCE has steadily increased, reflecting consumer confidence and willingness to spend. The growth rate has been moderate, driven by wage growth, low unemployment rates, and government stimulus measures. However, inflationary pressures have also impacted real purchasing power, leading to a mixed outlook.
- Retail sales have also experienced fluctuations but have generally trended upwards. After a…
4. Case 3) Electricity demand increases due to increased EV adoption
We will continue using the Case 2 supply curve (with the solar plant in operation) for this
analysis. Suppose that electricity consumption from electric vehicles (EV) increases
significantly. Consequently, electricity demand in the wholesale market increases at every hour.
The new demand levels are shown in Table 5 below.
The market operator has backup power plants (using natural gas) ready, with a total capacity of
300 MW and a MC of $100/MWh.
Table 5: Hourly Demand (selected hours)
Hour
Demand (MWh)
4 AM
800
10 AM
1000
...
2 PM
1100
...
6 PM
1300
(a) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). Is there a specific hourly
market in which the market operator will need to dispatch backup generation?
(b) Compare the Case 2 scenario with the Case 3 scenario in terms of CO2 emissions and
average electricity price. Based on…
Chapter 5 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (OER)
Ch. 5 - From the data in Table 5.5 about demand for smart...Ch. 5 - From the data in Table 5.6 about supply of alarm...Ch. 5 - Why is the demand curve with constant unitary...Ch. 5 - Why is the supply curve with constant unitary...Ch. 5 - The federal 3mm decides to require that automobile...Ch. 5 - Suppose you are in change of sales at a...Ch. 5 - What would the gasoline price elasticity of supply...Ch. 5 - The avenge annual income rises from 25,000 to...Ch. 5 - Suppose the cross-price elasticity of apples with...Ch. 5 - What is the formula for calculating elasticity?
Ch. 5 - What is the price elasticity of demand? Can you...Ch. 5 - What is the price elasticity of supply? Can you...Ch. 5 - Describe the general appearance of a demand or a...Ch. 5 - Describe the general appearance of a demand or a...Ch. 5 - If demand is elastic, will shifts in supply have a...Ch. 5 - If demand is inelastic, will shifts in supply have...Ch. 5 - If supply is elastic, will shifts in demand have a...Ch. 5 - If supply is inelastic, will shifts in demand have...Ch. 5 - Would you usually expect elasticity of demand or...Ch. 5 - Under which circumstances does line tax burden...Ch. 5 - What is the formula for the income elasticity of...Ch. 5 - What is the formula for line cross-price...Ch. 5 - What is the formula for the wage elasticity of...Ch. 5 - What is the formula for elasticity of savings with...Ch. 5 - Transatlantic air travel in business class has an...Ch. 5 - What is the relationship between price elasticity...Ch. 5 - Can you think of an industry (or product) with...Ch. 5 - Would you expect supply to play a more significant...Ch. 5 - A city has build a bridge over a river and it...Ch. 5 - In a market where the supply curve is perfectly...Ch. 5 - Economists define normal goods as having a...Ch. 5 - Suppose you could buy shoes one at a time, miter...Ch. 5 - The equation for a demand curve is P=483Q. What is...Ch. 5 - The equation for a demand curve is P=2/Q. What is...Ch. 5 - The equation for a supply curve is 4P=Q. What is...Ch. 5 - The equation for a supply curve is P=3Q8. What is...Ch. 5 - The supply of paintings by Leonardo Da Vinci, who...Ch. 5 - Say that a certain stadium for professional...Ch. 5 - When someones kidneys fail, the person needs to...Ch. 5 - Assume that the supply of law-skilled worker is...
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- 2. Case 1) NG price decreases Now, suppose that the price of natural gas decreased substantially, causing the marginal cost of the NG power plant to decrease to MC = $35/MWh. The demand is the same as in Case 0. (a) Draw a new supply curve that reflects the MC change of the NG power plant. (b) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). (c) What happened to the coal power plant? (d) Do you think the market outcomes (like average price) and the total CO2 emissions have improved under this Case 1 scenario (use the emissions data provided in the lecture slides)?arrow_forward1. Case 0) Baseline case Table 1: Power Plant Capacity and Marginal Cost: Case 0 Plant # Energy Source Capacity (MW) MC (S/MWh) 1 Coal 300 45 2 Oil 100 90 3 4 Natural Gas Nuclear 500 50 600 0 (a) Calculate the capacity mix of this market by energy source. (b) Draw a supply curve of this wholesale generation market. Table 2 below shows the demand levels for selected hours of a representative day. We will consider only these four hourly markets for our analysis. Note that the 6 PM demand is the highest demand level of the day. Table 2: Hourly Demand (selected hours) Hour Demand (MWh) 4 AM 500 10 AM 700 2 PM 800 6 PM 1000 (c) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). (d) Find the average price of electricity (by taking a simple average of hourly prices; [P(4am) + P(10AM) + P(2PM) + P(6PM)]/4).arrow_forwardDon't used Ai solutionarrow_forward
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