The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K + ) and sodium ions (Na + ). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

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✓ Details Draw a protein that is embedded in a membrane (a transmembrane protein), label the lipid bilayer and the protein. Identify the areas of the lipid bilayer that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Draw a membrane with two transporters: a proton pump transporter that uses ATP to generate a proton gradient, and a second transporter that moves glucose by secondary active transport (cartoon-like is ok). It will be important to show protons moving in the correct direction, and that the transporter that is powered by secondary active transport is logically related to the proton pump.

drawing chemical structure of ATP. please draw in and label whats asked. Thank you.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

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Answer 5

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

Answer 6

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the potassium ions leak across the neuron’s membrane and thereby create the resting membrane potential.

Answer 7

Chapter 46, Problem 1TYK

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The pore-forming membrane proteins are referred to as ion channels, which permit the movement of ion across the membrane. In the axonal membrane, channels are present for potassium ion (K⁺) and sodium ions (Na⁺). Their main functions include establishing a resting membrane potential of -70mV in absence of signal and producing action potential after stimulation.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

The neurons have a significantly larger number of potassium leaky channels, which facilitate the leakage of potassium ion across the membrane. These ions help to create the resting potential.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (b) is given as potassium ion (K⁺) help to create the resting potential. The axonal membrane is almost impermeable to all cations except potassium ion. Thus the K⁺ will leak from the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. This helps in achieving the negative resting potential of the cell, that is attaining of depolarization. Hence, option (b) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as calcium ions (Ca²⁺). The leakage of Ca²⁺ ions does not occur in order to achieve the resting potential as the concentration gradient for Ca²⁺ ions is not created by the sodium–potassium pump. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as sodium ions (Na⁺). The number of leak channels for Na⁺ ions is comparatively less than that for potassium ions. They are present on the outer side of the membrane; their inward movement does not create resting membrane potential. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (d) is given as chloride ions (Cl^-). The number of leaky channels for Cl^- is very less. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.