
Concept explainers
Pluto has no atmosphere and has an average orbital diameter that is 39.2 times that of the earth. The mean surface temperature is 37 K. Estimate the albedo of Pluto.

Determine the albedo value of Pluto.
Answer to Problem 1P
The albedo value of Pluto is
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The average orbital diameter of Pluto is 39.2 times of the earth.
Mean surface temperature
Pluto has no atmosphere.
Calculation:
The solar flux at the outside of the earth’s atmosphere
Find the Insolation of Pluto
Let the albedo is a.
The value of Stefan Boltzmann constant is
The expression to find the temperature (T) is given below:
Therefore, the albedo value of Pluto is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Concepts Of Programming Languages
Automotive Technology: Principles, Diagnosis, And Service (6th Edition) (halderman Automotive Series)
HEAT+MASS TRANSFER:FUND.+APPL.
Java: An Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming (8th Edition)
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
Starting Out with Programming Logic and Design (5th Edition) (What's New in Computer Science)
- Determine the design resistance to transverse force F,Rdarrow_forwardAs a structural engineer, your task is to design an optimum section that has sufficient resistance to the applied loading for the primary beam proposed in Figure 1. A UB in grade S275 steel is required for the unrestraint beam to carry the ultimate loads over the given span. Choose an optimumUB section and justify your selection. You are required to submit a design analysis by considering bending, shear, transverse force, and deflection checking for the selected member based on Eurocode 3 and the assumption of support condition and loading must be clearly stated. P=15 kN. a 2 m. b=3m ·L· ·b. Figure 1 Simply supported steel beamarrow_forwardWhy is it important to establish logical relationships between tasks when developing a construction schedule?arrow_forward
- For the gravity concrete dam shown in the figure, the following data are available: - Unit weight of concrete (Yeone) = 2.4 ton/m³ Neglect( Wave pressure, silt pressure, ice force and earth quake force) -0.65, (Ywater) 1 ton/m³ Find factor of safety against sliding and overturning (F.Said & F.Sover), If heel and toe stresses (Pais & Pmas) are 57.17ton/m2 and 84.53 ton/m² respectively. w.s.l 83m 10m 80m 8m Solve on paper step by step with sketcharrow_forwardWhy is proper planning important when developing a baseline construction project schedule?arrow_forwardDetermine the minimum possible surface area of a secondary clarifier treating activated sludge with a design influent flow rate (Q) of 1,000 m³/d, a return activated sludge (RAS) recycling ratio of 25%, and a mixed liquor total suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 4,000 mg/L, if the overflow rate must be less than 33 m/d and the solids loading rate must be less than 250 kg/m²/d. Express your answer in m² and round up to the next integer.arrow_forward
- Estimate the required air flow rate for the new activated sludge plant at Pea Ridge (Problems 23-223-723-10, and 23-13). The flow rate is 8,450 m³/day, the concentration of bCOD going into the system (So) is 137 mg/L, the concentration of bCOD leaving the system (S) is 16.3 mg/L, and the mass of cells produced per day (Pxvss) is 277.4 kg/d. Use the following assumptions to estimate the required air flow rate: . Clean water correction, a = 0.50 . Salinity correction, B = 0.95 Fouling factor = 0.9 Wastewater temperature = 12°C Atmospheric pressure = 101.325 kPa .Elevation 500 m . Depth of aerator = 5.6 m Operating DO 2.0 mg/L Percent oxygen leaving aeration tank - 19% ■ Manufacturer's SOTR = 535 kg/d Manufacturer's air flow rate at standard conditions 50 m³/d - aerator Express your answer with the units of m³/d and round to the nearest integer.arrow_forwardDetermine the required solids retention time (SRT) of a completely mixed activated sludge aeration tank for a conventional activated sludge system treating a design flow rate of 34,560 m³/d, where the effluent standards are 30.0 mg/L for BODs and 30.0 mg/L for total suspended solids (TSS). Assume that the BOD5 of the effluent TSS is 70% of the TSS concentration. Assume the BODs concentration leaving the primary clarifier is 128 mg/L that the MLVSS concentration (X₂) is 2,500 mg/L. Assume the following values for the growth constants: Ks 100 mg/L BODS ⚫ Hm - 2.5 d 1 kd = 0.050 d 1 Y = 0.50 mg VSS/mg BODs removed Express your answer in days and round to the nearest 0.1.arrow_forwardQ1: Figure below shows loaded beam with its cross-section area, (A) Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams, stating the main values, (B) Find central slope and deflection, (C) Sketch the distribution of shear stress at left support, (D) Find maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses set up in beam at right support. E-205GN/m² P1 P2 P3 W1 W2 Lin Lin # A Length in (m) and loads in kN 3a a 2a 2a (Cross-section area, All dimensions in (mm))arrow_forward
- Estimate the mass of oxygen to be supplied for a new activated sludge plant at Pea Ridge to treat a flow rate of 8,450 m³/day. Assume that the concentration of bCOD going into the system (So) is 137 mg/L, that the bCOD leaving the system (S) is 16.3 mg/L, and that the mass of cells produced per day (Pxvss) is 277.4 kg/d. Express your answer in kg/day and round to the nearest integer.arrow_forward*10-4. Determine the internal moments at the supports A, B, and C, then draw the moment diagram. Assume A is pinned, and B and C are rollers. El is constant. 3 k/ft 8 ft- 8 ft -4 ft-arrow_forwardQ2: Determine the change in dimensions in each section of the bar shown in figure. The portion AB is circular section and portion BC is rectangular section. E=115GN/m², v=0.33. L1 L2 P2+ P2 B Q3: A block is subjected to the stresses as shown in figure, find: principal stresses, shear stress with their directions and the normal and shear stresses on a plane inclined at 0. All stresses in MPa. (Confirm your answer by means of Mohr's stress circle). Txy 30 Note: (1) For all questions the student can choose any values of P1, P2, P3, W1, W2, a, σ (MPa), Txy (MPa), 0°, length and the dimensions of cross section area.arrow_forward
- Engineering Fundamentals: An Introduction to Engi...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781305084766Author:Saeed MoaveniPublisher:Cengage LearningMaterials Science And Engineering PropertiesCivil EngineeringISBN:9781111988609Author:Charles GilmorePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou...Civil EngineeringISBN:9781305081550Author:Braja M. DasPublisher:Cengage Learning



