Chapter 39, Problem 52A

(a)

To determine

The number of neutron and protons in the nuclei of Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu.

Answer to Problem 52A

The number of protons in the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 6, 26, 80, 94 and the number of neutrons in the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 8, 30, 121, 145.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The number of protons in the nuclei of atoms isthe same as the atomic number of the atom and the number of neutrons is the same as the difference of mass number and number of protons.

The atomic number and the mass number of the ${}_3^6\text{Li}$ is 3 and 6. So, the number of protons in the nucleus is 3 and the number of neutrons is equal to the difference of atomic mass number (6) and the atomic number (3) is 3.

The atomic number and the mass number of the ${}_6^{14}\text{C}$ is 6 and 14. So, the number of protons in the nucleus is 6 and the number of neutrons is equal to the difference of atomic mass number (14) and the atomic number (6) is 8.

The atomic number and the mass number of the ${}_{26}^{56}\text{Fe}$ is 26 and 56. So, the number of protons in the nucleus is 26 and the number of neutrons is equal to the difference of atomic mass number (56) and the atomic number (26) is 30.

The atomic number and the mass number of the ${}_{80}^{201}\text{Hg}$ is 80 and 201. So, the number of protons in the nucleus is 80 and the number of neutrons is equal to the difference of atomic mass number (201) and the atomic number (80) is 121.

The atomic number and the mass number of the ${}_{94}^{239}\text{Pu}$ is 94 and 239. So, the number of protons in the nucleus is 64 and the number of neutrons is equal to the difference of atomic mass number (239) and the atomic number (94) is 145.

Conclusion:

Thus, the number of protons in the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 6, 26, 80, 94 and the number of neutrons in the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 8, 30, 121, 145.

(b)

To determine

The number of electrons that surround the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu.

Answer to Problem 52A

The number of electrons that surround the nuclei of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 6, 26, 80, 94.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The number of electrons thatsurround the nucleus of the element is the same as the number of protons in the nucleus for a normal atom.

The number of protons in the nucleus of ${}_3^6\text{Li}$ is 3. So, the number of electrons that surround the nucleus of Li is also 3.

The number of protons in the nucleus of ${}_6^{14}\text{C}$ is 6. So, the number of electrons that surround the nucleus of C is also 6.

The number of protons in the nucleus of ${}_{26}^{56}\text{Fe}$ is 26.So, the number of electrons that surround the nucleus of Fe is also 26.

The number of protons in the nucleus of ${}_{80}^{201}\text{Hg}$ is 80. So, the number of electrons that surround the nucleus of Hg is also 80.

The number of protons in the nucleus of ${}_{94}^{239}\text{Pu}$ is 94. So, the number of electrons that surround the nucleus of Pu is also 94.

Conclusion:

Thus, the number of electrons of elements Li, C, Fe, Hg, Pu are 3, 6, 26, 80, 94.