Chapter 35, Problem 16STP

Summary Introduction

To write:

The name of three components of sympathetic stimulation and assess how they could be helpful to a human's survival.

Introduction:

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) carries impulses from the central nervous system (CNS) to the heart and other inner organs. The body is responding involuntarily. ANS is important in two different conditions. If we have a bad nightmare, our body reacts to what is known as a fight-or-flight response. When everything is relaxed, our body will rest and digest.

Explanation of Solution

The SNS is an evolutionary reaction to stress. In times of danger, the SNS, through its main effector molecules, norepinephrine and epinephrine, increases heart rate, cardiac output, and increases blood flow to major stress-response organs such as the skeletal muscle. SNS is a type of nervous system that functions cardiovascular system reflex adjustments and produce localized adjustments. Under stressful conditions, the entire SNS is activated, producing an immediate common response named a fight-or-flight response. This response is characterized by the release of large amounts of epinephrine by the adrenal gland, increased heart rate, skeletal muscle vasodilation, increased cardiac output, gastrointestinal vasoconstriction, and cutaneous, bronchial dilation, pupil dilation, and piloerection. The general effect is to prepare the individual for imminent danger.

Conclusion

Thus, the SNS can produce localized adjustment and cardiovascular system reflex adjustments.