General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511245
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.8, Problem 2.32P
(a) Which of the indicated atoms has the smaller atomic radius? (b) Which of the indicated atoms has the lowe ionization energy? (c) Identify the elements.
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(a) Why do successive IEs of a given element always increase? (b) When the difference between successive IEs of a given element is exceptionally large (for example, between IE1 and IE2 of K), what do we learn about its electron configuration? (c) The bars represent the relative magnitudes of the first five ionization energies of an atom: Identify the element and write its complete electron config uration, assuming it comes from (a) Period 2; (b) Period 3; (c) Period 4.
(a) Describe the trends of atomic size and ionization energy, respectively, in the Periodic Table:
(1) from left to right across a period, and (ii) from top to bottom down a group.
(b) Rank the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization
energy, and (iii) reactivity.
(c) Rank the following elements: F, CI, Br and I, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) electron
affinity, (iii) electronegativity, and (iv) reactivity.
Write the ground-state electron configurations of the following ions.
(a) Li+
(b) N3−
(c) In3+
(Use the noble gas core electron configuration in your answer.)
(d) Tl+
(Use the noble gas core electron configuration in your answer.)
Chapter 2 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Ch. 2.1 - Give the symbol for each element. a. calcium, a...Ch. 2.1 - Give the name corresponding to each element...Ch. 2.1 - Locate each element in the periodic table and...Ch. 2.1 - Classify each micronutrient in Figure 2.2 as a...Ch. 2.1 - Identify the elements used ineach example of...Ch. 2.1 - Identify the elements in each chemical formula,...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 2.7PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2.8PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2.9PCh. 2.2 - For the given atom: (a) determine the number of...
Ch. 2.2 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are...Ch. 2.2 - What is the mass number of an atom that contains...Ch. 2.3 - For each atom give the following information: [1]...Ch. 2.3 - Magnesium has three isotopes that contain 12, 13,...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2.15PCh. 2.3 - Calculate the atomic weight of each element given...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 2.17PCh. 2.4 - Prob. 2.18PCh. 2.4 - Identify the element fitting each description. an...Ch. 2.4 - Identify each highlighted element in the periodic...Ch. 2.5 - How many electrons are present in each shell,...Ch. 2.6 - What element has each electronic configuration? a....Ch. 2.6 - What element(s) in the first and second period fit...Ch. 2.6 - Draw an orbital diagram for each element; (a)...Ch. 2.6 - Give the electronic configuration for each element...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.26PCh. 2.7 - Determine the number of valence electrons and give...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 2.28PCh. 2.7 - Give the electron-dot symbol for each element: (a)...Ch. 2.8 - Which element in each pair has the larger atomic...Ch. 2.8 - Prob. 2.31PCh. 2.8 - (a) Which of the indicated atoms has the smaller...Ch. 2 - Identify the elements used in each example of...Ch. 2 - Write a chemical formula for each example of...Ch. 2 - Give the name of the elements in each group of...Ch. 2 - What element(s) are designated by each symbol or...Ch. 2 - Does each chemical formula represent an element or...Ch. 2 - Identify the elements in each chemical formula and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.39PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.40PCh. 2 - Give all of the terms that apply to each...Ch. 2 - Give all of the terms that apply to each...Ch. 2 - Give the following information about the atom...Ch. 2 - Give the following information about the atom...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.45PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.46PCh. 2 - Label each region on the periodic table. Noble...Ch. 2 - Identify each highlighted element in the periodic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.49PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.50PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.51PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.52PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.53PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.54PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.55PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.56PCh. 2 - How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are...Ch. 2 - Give the number of protons, neutrons, and...Ch. 2 - Write the element symbol that fits each...Ch. 2 - Write the element symbol that fits each...Ch. 2 - Calculate the atomic weight of silver, which has...Ch. 2 - Calculate the atomic weight of antimony, which has...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.63PCh. 2 - What is the maximum number of electrons that can...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.65PCh. 2 - Use an orbital diagram to write the electronic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.67PCh. 2 - For each element in Problem 2.66: Write out the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.69PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.70PCh. 2 - Give the total number of electrons, the number of...Ch. 2 - Give the total number of electrons, the number of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.73PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.74PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.75PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.76PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.77PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.78PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.79PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.80PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.81PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.82PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.83PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.84PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.85PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.86PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.87PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.88PCh. 2 - Rank the atoms in each group in order of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.90PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.91PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.92PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.93PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.94PCh. 2 - Prob. 2.95PCh. 2 - (a) What is the chemical formula for...Ch. 2 - Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 2 - Platinum is a precious metal used in a wide...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.99PCh. 2 - Answer the following questions about the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2.101CPCh. 2 - Prob. 2.102CP
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- Question:Consider two elements, Element A and Element B, from the periodic table. Element A is located in Group 1 and Period 3, while Element B is located in Group 16 and Period 2. (a) Which element would have a larger atomic radius, Element A or Element B? Justify your answer. (b) Predict the ionization energy of Element A and Element B. Which element would have a higher ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. (c) Based on their positions in the periodic table, which element would be more likely to form a stable cation? Provide a brief explanation for your choice.arrow_forwardBoron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forwardBoron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively. (a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forward
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