Concept explainers
Complete the following table:
To review:
The causative agent, method of transmission, symptoms, and treatment of pathogenic diseases, such as aflatoxin poisoning, cryptosporidiosis, pinworms, and whipworms.
Introduction:
Microorganisms that have the ability to cause infectious diseases are called as pathogens. Such microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, virus, and protozoa. Illness in an individual is caused either by disturbing the normal metabolic activity of the host or by inducing the host’s immune system to produce a response. Infectious agents are transmitted by direct contact (person-to-person) or indirect contact (water-borne, food-borne, air-borne, soil-borne, fomite-borne, vector-borne, and zoonosis). Infectious diseases are responsible for the high frequency of human morbidity and mortality world-wide.
Explanation of Solution
Disease | Causative Agent | Method of Transmission | Symptoms | Treatment |
Aflatoxin poisoning | Aspergillus flavus | Food-borne: ingestion of toxin (peanuts, cereals, dried fruit) | Acute necrosis of liver, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting | None |
Cryptosporidiosis | Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis | Water-borne: ingestion of oocysts | nausea, fever, abdominal pain watery diarrhea, prolonged diarrhea (immunosuppressed patients) | Oral rehydration, antiparasitic drug (Nitazoxanide) |
Pinworms | Enterobius vermicularis | Fecal-oral route: ingestion of pinworm eggs, fomite-borne: bedding, clothing | Local itching (anus) | Antihelminthic drugs (pyrantel pamoate, mebendazole) |
Whipworms | Trichuris trichiura | Soil-borne: ingestion of eggs | Diarrhea, abdominal pain | Antihelminthic drugs (mebendazole, albendazole) |
The causative agent, method of transmission, symptoms, and treatment of pathogenic diseases, such as aflatoxin poisoning, cryptosporidiosis, pinworms, and whipworms is tabulated.
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