Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260163698
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 2.2, Problem 2MM
Medical Moment
Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative Bacteria
The Gram slain is one type of differential stain that can help to identify bacterial species and guide treatment decisions. Differentiating between gram-positive and gram-negative organisms is important. One of the main differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is that gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing LPS (lipopolysaccharide). This molecule is also called endotoxin, which can cause a severe reaction if it enters the circulatory system, causing symptoms of shock (high fever, dangerously low blood pressure, and elevated respiratory rate). This is known as endotoxic shock.
Q. This molecule has two names: lipopolysaccharide and endotoxin. Which of these is most often used by medical doctors and which is more likely to be used by
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In the Gram stain, gram-negative bacteria appear red for all the following reasons EXCEPT:
They stain with safranin because they are colorless at the step where it is added
Safranin is a red stain
None of the other four answers (all are true)
The peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls is too thin to retain the crystal violet-iodine
complex when the decolorizer (alcohol) is added
The gram-negative cells' outer lipopolysaccharide layer (outer membrane) prevents their
being stained by crystal violet in the first step
Different stains have different affinities for different organisms or different parts of organisms. Elaborate on this statement using the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining as an example.
Match the expected result (purple, red, or colorless) to the following descriptions of Gram-stained cells. Choices may be used more than once--------- Pseudomonas aeruginosa after decolorization
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 2.1 - Explain what the Five Is are and what each step...Ch. 2.1 - Discuss three physical states of media and when...Ch. 2.1 - Compare and contrast selective and differential...Ch. 2.1 - Provide brief definitions for defined media and...Ch. 2.1 - Medical Moment The Making of the Flu Vaccine: An...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 2.1 - Prob. 2NPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7AYP
Ch. 2.2 - Give examples of simple, differential, and special...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3NPCh. 2.2 - Medical Moment Gram-Positive Versus Gram-Negative...Ch. 2 - The identities of microorganisms on our planet a....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2QCh. 2 - Often bacteria that are freshly isolated from a...Ch. 2 - Which of these types of organisms is least likely...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5QCh. 2 - Some bacteria can produce a structure called an...Ch. 2 - A fastidious organism must be grown on what type...Ch. 2 - Write a short paragraph to differentiate among the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9QCh. 2 - Viruses are commonly grown in/on a. animal cells...Ch. 2 - Can you devise a growth medium with ingredients...Ch. 2 - There is a type of differential medium that can...Ch. 2 - Prob. 13QCh. 2 - Several bacteria live naturally in a material on...Ch. 2 - Archaea often grow naturally in extreme...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16QCh. 2 - After performing the streak plate procedure on a...Ch. 2 - You are a scientist studying a marsh area...Ch. 2 - Prob. 19QCh. 2 - Prob. 20QCh. 2 - You perform the special stain for bacterial...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1VC
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- Please explain why all purple in gram positivearrow_forwardDetergents that are good micelle formers often have strongantibacterial properties. Considering the structure of thecell membrane, suggest a reason for this antibacterialaction.arrow_forwardHow is the India ink capsule stain an example of a negative stain?arrow_forward
- Hao. - Hao + O. BLOOD AGAR Hemalysis ACID-FAST STAINING Cell Wall (Mycolle Acid) Data Table P. S. aureus | E. coli B. subtilis mirabilis aerogenes Gram Bacillus Bacillus Gram+ Gram Gram Gram* MORPHOLOGY Сосcus Bacillus Bacillus LACTOSE Variable B- B- BLOOD AGAR Variable Swarming Variable Hemolysis Hemolysis CATALASE + OXIDASE + INDOLE + Using the workflow images and data table, match the results of each test used to identify the bacteria S. aureus is causing the disease. S. aureus is lactose Gamma-hemol O positive On blood agar S. [ Choose ] aureus showed In the oxidase test S. [ Choose ] aureus In the indole test S. [ Choose ] aureus The gram status of S. [ Choose] aureus In the acid-fast test S. [ Choose ] aureusarrow_forwardof bacteria. The Gram stain works because of differences in the O 1) cell membranes O 2) genetic characteristics O 3) capsules O 4) antigens O 5) cell wallsarrow_forwardNeed help filling this outarrow_forward
- The principle of Grams staining based on the cell wall composition of bacterial cell. Justify the statement. Why is it called as differential stain and discuss its principle, reagents, protocol and interpretation of results?arrow_forwardThe acid fast bacterium, Mycobacterium smegmatis, is relatively safe for students to work with because of its thin cell wall. If a gram stain is to be performed on this particular microbe, it often takes the gram stain reaction. Why?arrow_forwardmycobacterium tuberculosis Gram staining status OR acid-fast stain cell wall description. Explain why your pathogen has this status by describing your pathogen's cell wall structurearrow_forward
- Both crystal violet and saffron are basic Steve's and maybe used to do simple stains on gram-positive and gram-negative cells this being the case explain how they end up staying in gram-positive and gram-negative cells differently in the Gram stainarrow_forwardBacterium Z had the lab results below. What can you tell me about the protein metabolism of this bacterium? Which protein and amino acids can it catabolize?Can it desulfur proteins? Can it produce NH3 from the amino acid phenylalanine?arrow_forwardMacConkey agar is often used to differentiate E. coli from other Gram-negative rods. The recipe for MacConkey agar is given in the table. Suppose you plated a mixed culture of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes onto a MacConkey agar plate. Which species would grow, and how would they appear? Why would the others NOT grow?arrow_forward
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