ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Chapter 22, Problem 28P
In domesticated dogs, size has a high heritability, and the trait is determined by only a small number of genes. In contrast,
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Researcher 1 studies IQ in the indigenous people of an isolated island with a population of approximately 3000 people. Researcher 2 studies IQ in North America, looking at millions of people who come from a broad range of social and economic backgrounds. Researcher 1 concludes that 70% of the variation in IQ is genetic, whereas Researcher 2 concludes than only 40% of the variation in IQ is genetic. What is the most likely explanation for these different estimates of the heritability of IQ?
Group of answer choices
The conclusions of Researcher 2 must be flawed, because environment always has a smaller effect on IQ than genetics
Widespread use of technology in North America has increased abstract reasoning ability
There is less environmental variation among the people being studied by Researcher 1, so there is less opportunity for the environment to cause differences among people
IQ tests measure only a subset of the abilities that constitute the concept of intelligence
In a population of locusts, the mean wing length is 47 mm, the selection gradient on wing length is β = 0.12/mm, the phenotypic variance for wing length is P = 3.6 mm2, and the heritability of wing length is h2 = 0.27. In addition, we know that the additive genetic covariance between wing and leg length is 0.60 mm2. What is the expected evolutionary change in mean leg length due to selection on both wings and legs? Repeat these calculations to predict what will happen to wing length as a result of the selection on both wings and legs. What do you predict the average wing and leg lengths will be in the next generation?
We have learned that the response to selection is equal to the selection differential times the narrow-sense heritability, and that the narrowsense heritability includes only the additive genetic variance. Why aren’t the dominance genetic variance and the gene interaction variance included? Why don’t they contribute to the genetic variation that is acted on by selection?
Chapter 22 Solutions
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 22 - Choose the best matching phrase in the right...Ch. 22 - Suppose you grew genetically identical dandelion...Ch. 22 - How can each of the following be used in...Ch. 22 - Two different groups of scientists studying a rare...Ch. 22 - Which of the following statements would be true of...Ch. 22 - Studies have indicated that for pairs of twins...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Table 22.2 lists concordance values for MZ and DZ...Ch. 22 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11PCh. 22 - Two alleles at one locus produce three distinct...Ch. 22 - In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by...Ch. 22 - Compare and contrast the use of SNP genotyping: i...Ch. 22 - Explain the similarities and differences between...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.14c, the fw2.2 causal gene was...Ch. 22 - Among the most prevalent pathologies that afflict...Ch. 22 - Human geneticists have found the Finnish...Ch. 22 - Canavan disease, caused by homozygosity for a...Ch. 22 - In GWAS analysis, because of the existence of LD...Ch. 22 - In Fig. 22.15: a. Why do some chromosomes in the...Ch. 22 - Consider the triangle diagram shown in Fig. 22.17....Ch. 22 - Prob. 23PCh. 22 - You conduct a Case/Control study comparing the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25PCh. 22 - ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a rare, fatal...Ch. 22 - Through GWAS explorations, scientists have...Ch. 22 - In domesticated dogs, size has a high...Ch. 22 - Suppose a GWAS investigation found a particular LD...Ch. 22 - In 2008, Time magazine named as its invention of...
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- Your dream has come true, you’re a marine biologist studying Narwhals in the arctic. They have been trying to understand the heritability of tusk length in this species. You are able to take measurements of them in the wild, and in an aquarium where they are treated well with temperature-controlled pools, and a standardized diet. Within the aquarium, there is no environmental variation. In the wild, the total variance was determined to be 10 feet. In the aquarium, total variance between subjects was found to be 3 feet. A-In the aquarium, what is the Vgenetic ? B-In the aquarium, VEnvironmental is ?arrow_forwardYour dream has come true, you’re a marine biologist studying Narwhals in the arctic. They have been trying to understand the heritability of tusk length in this species. You are able to take measurements of them in the wild, and in an aquarium where they are treated well with temperature-controlled pools, and a standardized diet. Within the aquarium, there is no environmental variation. In the wild, the total variance was determined to be 10 feet. In the aquarium, total variance between subjects was found to be 3 feet. A-They ask you to figure out what the environmental variance is for the narwhals in the wild. VEnvironmental in the wild?arrow_forwardYour dream has come true, you’re a marine biologist studying Narwhals in the arctic. They have been trying to understand the heritability of tusk length in this species. You are able to take measurements of them in the wild, and in an aquarium where they are treated well with temperature-controlled pools, and a standardized diet. Within the aquarium, there is no environmental variation. In the wild, the total variance was determined to be 10 feet. In the aquarium, total variance between subjects was found to be 3 fee A-What is the heritability of tusk length in the wild? (Express the answer as a decimal with 2 places, ie .12)arrow_forward
- The typical tail size for elephants is 150 cm, with a standard deviation of 10 cm. The typical tail size for mice is 7 cm, with a standard deviation of 3 cm. Do elephants or mice exhibit greater variability in tail size? Elephants, because CV = 15 > 2.3 Elephants, because SD = 10 cm > SD = 3 cm %3D Elephants, because = 150 cm > 7 cm O Mice, because CV = 0.43 > CV = 0.07 %3D %3Darrow_forwardHow can we explain the striking contrast in the number of major genes underlying quantitative traits between domesticated animals (where only a few QTLs are typically involved) and humans (where the QTLs for manytraits number in the hundreds)?arrow_forwardGive at least 3 species characteristics of human beings. What are "phenocopies"? Give at least three (3) specific examples. Examples 1. 2. 3. 3. Which do you think is the most important type of variation? Why? 4. Differentiate continuous from discontinuous trait. Give at least two (2) examples each. Continuous trait Discontinuous traitarrow_forward
- 1) The following variances were calculated for two traits in a herd of hogs. Trait Vp VG VA Back fat 30.6 12.2 8.44 Body length 52.4 26.4 11.70 Calculate the broad sense heritability (H?) and narrow sense heritability's (h2) for each train in this herd. Which of the two traits will respond best to the selection by a breeder? Why?arrow_forwardWe want to breed for larger adult weights for pigs using individual phenotype, in which the population means is 500 lbs and the standard deviation of phenotype is known to be 50 lbs. The adult weight heritability is 0.45. Pig A weighs 475 lbs. Thus, we want to breed the pigs utilizing genomic information, and the selection accuracy for the new criterion is 0.65. Based on this given information, what is the genetic gain per generation assuming the selection differential is 100 lbs?arrow_forwardImagine you are studying a population of finches on one of the Galápagos Islands. You have been recording many of the birds’ physical traits, including the length of both wings. You observe that for 80% of individuals measured, the length of the left wing is not significantly different from the length of the right wing (in other words, they are symmetrical). But for about 20% of birds measured, the wing lengths are asymmetrical. This distribution is true from generation to generation. Suddenly, a rare 5-day windstorm takes over the island. After the storm, you spend the next several days netting each bird on the island that survived the storm. You discover that 85% of the birds with symmetrical wings survived the storm, whereas only 5% of the birds with asymmetrical wings did. a. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. b. If such storms become increasingly common due to changes in climate, how might you expect the population to change over time with respect to wing symmetry?arrow_forward
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