Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042282
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 21.17, Problem 48P
When apples that have been cut are exposed to oxygen, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction causes them to turn brown. Explain why coating them with lemon juice (pH 3.5) as soon as they are cut prevents the color change.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1-bromopropane reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to give propan-1-ol. The hydroxide ions replace the bromine in the organic molecule. This is a simple reaction involving a collision between the 1-bromopropane and the hydroxide ions:
CH3CH2CH2Br + OH- → CH3CH2CH2OH + Br -What do you think the effect would be if you doubled the concentrations of both reactants? Explain
your answer.
Consider the reaction between zinc metal and hydrochloric acid. Explain why each of the following either increases or decreases the rate of the reaction:
Increasing the temperature of the hydrochloric acid
Lowering the concentration of the hydrochloric acid
Adding a catalyst to the reaction
What is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant (Keg) for the reaction between carbon and hydrogen gas to form methane?
Chapter 21 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - a. Explain why, when the imidazole ring of...Ch. 21.2 - a. Which isomer(R)-alanine or (S)-alanineis...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 21.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 21.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 21.3 - Draw the predominant form for glutamate in a...Ch. 21.3 - a. Why is the pKa of the glutamate side chain...Ch. 21.4 - Calculate the pI of each of the following amino...Ch. 21.4 - a. Which amino acid has the lowest pI value? b....Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 12P
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 13PCh. 21.4 - Explain why the pI of lysine is the average of the...Ch. 21.5 - What aldehyde is formed when valine is treated...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 16PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 17PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 18PCh. 21.5 - Prob. 19PCh. 21.6 - Why is excess ammonia used in the preceding...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 21PCh. 21.6 - What amino acid is formed using the...Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 21.6 - What amino acid is formed when the aldehyde used...Ch. 21.7 - Esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the...Ch. 21.8 - Draw the tetrapeptide Ala-Thr-Asp-Asn and indicate...Ch. 21.8 - Draw the resonance contributors of the peptide...Ch. 21.8 - Which bonds in the backbone of a peptide can...Ch. 21.9 - An opioid pentapeptide has the following...Ch. 21.9 - What is the configuration about each of the...Ch. 21.9 - Glutathione is a tripeptide whose function is to...Ch. 21.10 - What dipeptides would be formed by heating a...Ch. 21.10 - Suppose you are trying to synthesize the dipeptide...Ch. 21.10 - Show the steps in the synthesis of the...Ch. 21.10 - a. Calculate the overall yield of bradykinin when...Ch. 21.11 - Show the steps in the synthesis of the...Ch. 21.13 - Prob. 37PCh. 21.13 - In determining the primary structure of insulin,...Ch. 21.13 - A decapeptide undergoes partial hydrolysis to give...Ch. 21.13 - Explain why cyanogen bromide does not cleave on...Ch. 21.13 - Indicate the peptides produced from cleavage by...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 43PCh. 21.14 - Three peptides were obtained from a trypsin...Ch. 21.14 - Prob. 45PCh. 21.15 - How would a protein that resides in the nonpolar...Ch. 21.16 - a. Which would have the greatest percentage of...Ch. 21.17 - When apples that have been cut are exposed to...Ch. 21 - Glycine has pK2 values of 2.34 and 9.60. At what...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50PCh. 21 - A titration curve is a plot of the pH of a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 52PCh. 21 - Aspartame (its structure is on page 1007) has a pl...Ch. 21 - Draw the form of aspartate that predominates at...Ch. 21 - Show how phenylalanine can be prepared by...Ch. 21 - A professor was preparing a manuscript for...Ch. 21 - What aldehydes are formed when the following amino...Ch. 21 - Prob. 58PCh. 21 - Determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide...Ch. 21 - Prob. 60PCh. 21 - Prob. 61PCh. 21 - Which is the more effective buffer at...Ch. 21 - Identify the location and type of charge on the...Ch. 21 - Draw the product obtained when a lysine side chain...Ch. 21 - After the polypeptide shown below was treated with...Ch. 21 - Treatment of a polypeptide with 2-mercaptoethanol...Ch. 21 - Show how aspartame can be synthesized using DCCD.Ch. 21 - -Amino acids can be prepared by treating an...Ch. 21 - Reaction of a polypeptide with carboxypeptidase A...Ch. 21 - a. How many different octapeptides can be made...Ch. 21 - Glycine has pKa values of 2.3 and 9.6. Do you...Ch. 21 - A mixture of 15 amino acids gave the fingerprint...Ch. 21 - Write the mechanism for the reaction of an amino...Ch. 21 - Prob. 74PCh. 21 - Show how valine can be prepared by a. a...Ch. 21 - The primary structure of -endorphin, a peptide...Ch. 21 - A chemist wanted to test his hypothesis that the...Ch. 21 - Propose a mechanism for the rearrangement of the...Ch. 21 - A normal polypeptide and a mutant of the...Ch. 21 - Determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH, is the mineral in teeth. On a chemical basis explain why drinking milk strengthens young children’s teeth. Sour milk contains lactic acid. Not removing sour milk from the teeth of young children can lead to tooth decay. Use chemical principles to explain why.arrow_forwardWill each of the changes listed increase or decrease the rate of the following chemical reaction? N2+3H22NH3 a. Adding some N2 to the reaction mixture b. Raising the temperature of the reaction mixture c. Removing a catalyst present in the reaction mixture d. Removing some H2 from the reaction mixturearrow_forwardIdentify the first chemical step in the production of Portland cement. How is this reaction related to the chemistry that takes place in the carbonation of concrete?arrow_forward
- For the generalized chemical reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g) determine whether the concentration of A in an equilibrium mixture will (1) increase, (2) decrease, or (3) not change when each of the following changes is effected. a. concentration of B is increased b. concentration of C is decreased c. concentration of D is increased d. concentration of D is decreasedarrow_forwardFor the generalized chemical reaction A(g)+B(g)C(g)+D(g) determine whether the concentration of D in an equilibrium mixture will (1) increase, (2) decrease, or (3) not change when each of the following changes is effected. a. concentration of A is increased b. concentration of B is decreased c. concentration of C is increased d. concentration of C is decreasedarrow_forwardFor each of the changes listed will the rate of the following chemical reaction increase, decrease, or remain the same? Cu(s)+H2SO4(aq)CuSO4(aq)+H2(g) a. the concentration of H2SO4 is increased b. the copper is ground into a powder c. the mixture is stirred rapidly d. the temperature of the solution is increasedarrow_forward
- Write the equilibrium constant expression for each of the following reactions in terms of concentrations. (a) CO2(g) + C(s) 2 CO(g) (b) [Cu(NH3)4)2+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) (c) CH3CO2H(aq) + H2O() CH3CO2(aq) + H3O+(aq)arrow_forwardThis chemical equation represents a reaction: 2 ICL (g) L (g) + 3 Cl (g) Suppose a closed flask contains only gaseous ICI,, and the concentration of ICl, is 0.10 M. How will these initial conditions affect the progress of the reaction? The concentration of the reactant will decrease, and the concentrations of the products will increase, until the concentration of each product equals 0.10 M. O The concentrations of the reactant and the products will increase until the concentration of each product equals 0.10 M. The concentration of the reactant will decrease, and the concentrations of the products will increase, until the rate of the forward reaction equais the rate of the reverse reaction. The concentrations of the reactant and the products will increase until the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reactionarrow_forward1arrow_forward
- Scott prepares a solution which contains a large excess of iron and a small amount of thiocyanate. He notices a faint orange color appear in the solution once mixed. He repeats this process with a higher concentration of thiocyanate and notices a deepening of the orange color in the solution once mixed. Explain what has happened to the equilibrium in this case. Has the value of Keq changed? Explain.arrow_forwardAccording to Le Chatelier’s Principle, which direction does a reaction move if the concentration of products is decreased in a reaction at equilibrium? What if the reactant concentration is decreased?arrow_forwardLactase is an enzyme that breaks down the sugar lactose which is commonly found in dairy products. Some people develop lactose intolerance as they grow older and the amount of lactase enzyme in their gut diminishes. Since the enzyme is commonly found in the gut of humans it can withstand a pH that is very acidic, ranging from a pH of 2-7. A student decided to do an experiment to determine how the pH of a solution affects lactase enzyme activity. Lactase works by breaking lactose into its two component sugars of glucose and galactose. To conduct the experiment the student prepared a solution of lactose and placed it into 5 different test tubes. A pH buffer solution was then added to each test tube with a pH of 2.0 in the first tube, 4.0 in the second, 6.0 in the third, 8.0 in the fourth, and a 10 pH in the fifth. Next, the enzyme lactase was added in equal amounts to each test tube and allowed to sit for ten minutes white the enzyme reacted with the lactose. At the end of the ten…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY