PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS F/AP (OER)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781593998813
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 28RQ
What is dumping? Why does prohibiting it often work better in theory than in practice?
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How MKTG 525 Gets You Together with Classmates?
Different points of view in dealing with classmates from many backgrounds exposes you to many points of view, ideas, and techniques. This variety enriches the learning…
3. Case 2) Coal plants exit, and Solar generation enters the market
Now, let's consider a scenario where the coal power plant (#1) shuts down and exits the market,
and a solar generation facility is constructed. The capacity of the solar generation facility is the
same as the coal power plant that went out of business. The generation capacities of this market
are shown below, along with their MC.
Table 3: Power Plant Capacity and Marginal Cost: Case 2
Plant #
Energy Source
Capacity (MW)
MC (S/MWh)
2
Oil
100
90
3
Natural Gas
500
50
4
Nuclear
600
0
5
Solar
300
5
Note that the solar plant (#5) can generate electricity only from 7 AM until 5PM. During these
hours, the plant can generate up to its full capacity (300 MW) but cannot generate any when
unavailable.
(a) Draw a supply curve for each hourly market (4AM, 10 AM, 2PM, 6PM).
(b) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM).
(c) Find the…
Respond to L.R.
To analyze consumer spending, you must review the macroeconomic indicators of Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) and Retail Sales over the past year.
Selected Macroeconomic indicators
Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) measure the value of household goods and services consumed and are a key indicator of consumer spending.
- Retail Sales: This tracks the total receipts of retail stores and provides insight into consumer demand and spending trends.
- Patterns over the past year:
Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Over the past year, PCE has steadily increased, reflecting consumer confidence and willingness to spend. The growth rate has been moderate, driven by wage growth, low unemployment rates, and government stimulus measures. However, inflationary pressures have also impacted real purchasing power, leading to a mixed outlook.
- Retail sales have also experienced fluctuations but have generally trended upwards. After a…
Chapter 21 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS F/AP (OER)
Ch. 21 - Explain how a tariff reduction causes an Increase...Ch. 21 - Explain how a subsidy on agricultural goods like...Ch. 21 - Explain how trade barriers save jobs in protected...Ch. 21 - Explain how trade barriers raise wages in...Ch. 21 - How does international trade affect working...Ch. 21 - Do the jobs for workers in low-income countries...Ch. 21 - How do trade barriers affect the average Income...Ch. 21 - How does the cost of saving jobs in protected...Ch. 21 - Explain how predatory pricing could be a...Ch. 21 - Why do low-income countries like Brazil, Egypt, or...
Ch. 21 - Explain the logic behind the race to the bottom...Ch. 21 - What are the conditions under which a country may...Ch. 21 - Why is the national security argument not...Ch. 21 - Assume a perfectly competitive market and the...Ch. 21 - What is the difference between a free trade...Ch. 21 - Why would countries promote protectionist laws,...Ch. 21 - What might account for the dramatic increase in...Ch. 21 - How does competition, whether domestic or foreign,...Ch. 21 - What are the gains from competition?Ch. 21 - Who does protectionism protect? From what does it...Ch. 21 - Name and define three policy tools for enacting...Ch. 21 - How does protectionism affect the price of the...Ch. 21 - Does international trade, taken as a whole,...Ch. 21 - Is international trade likely to have roughly the...Ch. 21 - How is international trade, taken as a whole,...Ch. 21 - Is international trade likely to have about the...Ch. 21 - What are main reasons for protecting infant...Ch. 21 - What is dumping? Why does prohibiting it often...Ch. 21 - What is the race to the bottom scenario?Ch. 21 - Do the rules of international trade require that...Ch. 21 - What is the national interest argument for...Ch. 21 - Name several of the international treaties where...Ch. 21 - What is the general trend of trade barriers over...Ch. 21 - If opening up to free trade would benefit a...Ch. 21 - Who gains and who loses from trade?Ch. 21 - Why is trade a good thing if some people lose?Ch. 21 - What are some ways that governments can help...Ch. 21 - Show graphically that for any tariff, there is an...Ch. 21 - From the Work It Out Effects of Trade Barriers,...Ch. 21 - If trade barriers hurt the average worker in an...Ch. 21 - Why do you think labor standards and working...Ch. 21 - How would direct subsidies to key industries be...Ch. 21 - How can governments identify good candidates for...Ch. 21 - Microeconomic theory argues that it is...Ch. 21 - How do you think Americans would feel if other...Ch. 21 - Is it legitimate to impose higher safety standards...Ch. 21 - Why might the unsafe consumer products argument be...Ch. 21 - Why might a tax on domestic consumption of...Ch. 21 - Why do you think that the GAIT rounds and, more...Ch. 21 - An economic union requires giving up some...Ch. 21 - What are some examples of innovative products that...Ch. 21 - In principle, the benefits of international trade...Ch. 21 - Economists sometimes say that protectionism is the...Ch. 21 - Trade has income distribution effects. For...Ch. 21 - Assume two countries, Thailand (T) and Japan (J),...Ch. 21 - You have just been put in charge of trade policy...Ch. 21 - The country of Pepperland exports steel to the...
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- 4. Case 3) Electricity demand increases due to increased EV adoption We will continue using the Case 2 supply curve (with the solar plant in operation) for this analysis. Suppose that electricity consumption from electric vehicles (EV) increases significantly. Consequently, electricity demand in the wholesale market increases at every hour. The new demand levels are shown in Table 5 below. The market operator has backup power plants (using natural gas) ready, with a total capacity of 300 MW and a MC of $100/MWh. Table 5: Hourly Demand (selected hours) Hour Demand (MWh) 4 AM 800 10 AM 1000 ... 2 PM 1100 ... 6 PM 1300 (a) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). Is there a specific hourly market in which the market operator will need to dispatch backup generation? (b) Compare the Case 2 scenario with the Case 3 scenario in terms of CO2 emissions and average electricity price. Based on…arrow_forward2. Case 1) NG price decreases Now, suppose that the price of natural gas decreased substantially, causing the marginal cost of the NG power plant to decrease to MC = $35/MWh. The demand is the same as in Case 0. (a) Draw a new supply curve that reflects the MC change of the NG power plant. (b) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). (c) What happened to the coal power plant? (d) Do you think the market outcomes (like average price) and the total CO2 emissions have improved under this Case 1 scenario (use the emissions data provided in the lecture slides)?arrow_forward1. Case 0) Baseline case Table 1: Power Plant Capacity and Marginal Cost: Case 0 Plant # Energy Source Capacity (MW) MC (S/MWh) 1 Coal 300 45 2 Oil 100 90 3 4 Natural Gas Nuclear 500 50 600 0 (a) Calculate the capacity mix of this market by energy source. (b) Draw a supply curve of this wholesale generation market. Table 2 below shows the demand levels for selected hours of a representative day. We will consider only these four hourly markets for our analysis. Note that the 6 PM demand is the highest demand level of the day. Table 2: Hourly Demand (selected hours) Hour Demand (MWh) 4 AM 500 10 AM 700 2 PM 800 6 PM 1000 (c) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). (d) Find the average price of electricity (by taking a simple average of hourly prices; [P(4am) + P(10AM) + P(2PM) + P(6PM)]/4).arrow_forward
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