For the reaction A+B → 2 C , which proceeds by a single-step bimolecular elementary process ( a) t 1 / 2 = 0.693 / k , (b) rate of appearance of C = rate of disappearance of A; (C) rate of reaction (d) ln [ A ] t = − k t + ln [ A ] 0 .
For the reaction A+B → 2 C , which proceeds by a single-step bimolecular elementary process ( a) t 1 / 2 = 0.693 / k , (b) rate of appearance of C = rate of disappearance of A; (C) rate of reaction (d) ln [ A ] t = − k t + ln [ A ] 0 .
Solution Summary: The author explains that a rate law expression defines the relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of reactants.
For the reaction
A+B
→
2
C
, which proceeds by a single-step bimolecular elementary process (a)
t
1
/
2
=
0.693
/
k
, (b) rate of appearance of C= rate of disappearance of A; (C) rate of reaction (d)
ln
[
A
]
t
=
−
k
t
+
ln
[
A
]
0
.
Definition Definition Study of the speed of chemical reactions and other factors that affect the rate of reaction. It also extends toward the mechanism involved in the reaction.
There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS).
Ca, ppm
V, ppm
SCa, arb. units
SV, arb. units
20.0
10.0
14375.11
14261.02
40.0
10.0
36182.15
17997.10
60.0
10.0
39275.74
12988.01
80.0
10.0
57530.75
14268.54
100.0…
A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C.
H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g)
K = 0.0900 at 25°C
с
Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C.
[H₂O]=
[C₁₂O]=
[HOCI]=
M
Σ
M
What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?
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