For the following processes, is the work done by the system (defined as the expanding or contracting gas) on the environment positive or negative? (a) expansion of the burned gasoline–air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine; (b) opening a bottle of champagne; (c) filling a scuba tank with compressed air; (d) partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.1DQ

For the following processes, is the work done by the system (defined as the expanding or contracting gas) on the environment positive or negative? (a) expansion of the burned gasoline–air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine; (b) opening a bottle of champagne; (c) filling a scuba tank with compressed air; (d) partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

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04:30

Students have asked these similar questions

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You purchase a bottle of water after entering the security checkpoint in an airport. You begin your flight, open the bottle and drink ½ of the water, reseal it, and then land. Describe what has happened to your bottle between taking off, flying, and landing using thermodynamic terminology. Be sure to include the terms work, pressure, volume, and temperature.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.1DQ

For the following processes, is the work done by the system (defined as the expanding or contracting gas) on the environment positive or negative? (a) expansion of the burned gasoline–air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine; (b) opening a bottle of champagne; (c) filling a scuba tank with compressed air; (d) partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

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04:30

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.1DQ

For the following processes, is the work done by the system (defined as the expanding or contracting gas) on the environment positive or negative? (a) expansion of the burned gasoline–air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine; (b) opening a bottle of champagne; (c) filling a scuba tank with compressed air; (d) partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

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04:30

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.1DQ

For the following processes, is the work done by the system (defined as the expanding or contracting gas) on the environment positive or negative? (a) expansion of the burned gasoline–air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine; (b) opening a bottle of champagne; (c) filling a scuba tank with compressed air; (d) partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment is positive or negative for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder increases. Therefore change in the volume of the cylinder has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Therefore the work done by the burned gasoline-air mixture on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Work done by the system on the environment for the expansion of the burned gasoline-air mixture in the cylinder of an automobile engine is positive.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for the opening a bottle of champagne.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the champagne increases as the bottle of champagne is opened. Therefore the change in volume for the champagne has a positive value.

(V2−V1)=+ve

Consequently, work done by the champagne bottle on the environment is positive.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the system on the environment is positive for opening a bottle of champagne.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment is negative for filling a scuba tank with compressed air.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the scuba tank decreases while filling it with a compressed air. Therefore change in volume of the tank has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the scuba tank on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

Answer 26

(d)

Expert Solution

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.

Answer 27

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 28

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

To determine

Whether the work done by the system on the environment on the environment positive or negative for partial crumpling of a sealed, empty water bottle as you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Answer 31

Explanation of Solution

The work done by the system on the environment on the environment negative for partial crumpling of a sealedas you drive from the mountains down to sea level.

Formula to calculate the Work done by the system,

W=p(V2−V1)

W is the work done by the system
p is the pressure of the system
V2 is the final volume of the system
V1 is the initial volume of the system

The final volume of the gas in the empty bottle decreases due to the increase in the pressure while driving from the mountains to sea level. Therefore change in volume of the gas in the empty bottle has a negative value.

(V2−V1)=−ve

Consequently, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the work done by the gas in the empty bottle on the environment is negative as final volume of the tank decreases.