1 Units, Physical Quantities, And Vectors 2 Motion Along A Straight Line 3 Motion In Two Or Three Dimensions 4 Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Applying Newton 's Laws 6 Work And Kinetic Energy 7 Potential Energy And Energy Conservation 8 Momentum , Impulse, And Collisions 9 Rotation Of Rigid Bodies 10 Dynamics Of Rotational Motion 11 Equilibrium And Elasticity 12 Fluid Mechanics 13 Gravitation 14 Periodic Motion 15 Mechanical Waves 16 Sound And Hearing 17 Temperature And Heat 18 Thermal Properties Of Matter 19 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 20 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 21 Electric Charge And Electric Field 22 Gauss's Law 23 Electric Potential 24 Capacitance And Dielectrics 25 Current, Resist Ance, And Electromotive Force 26 Direct-current Circuits 27 Magnetic Field And Magnetic Forces 28 Sources Of Magnetic Field 29 Electromagnetic Induction 30 Inductance 31 Alternating Current 32 Electromagnetic Waves 33 The Nature And Propagation Of Light 34 Geometric Optics 35 Interference 36 Diffraction 37 Relativity expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem Q16.1DQ Problem Q16.2DQ: The hero of a western movie listens for an oncoming train by putting his ear to the track. Why does... Problem Q16.3DQ: Would you expect the pitch (or frequency) of an organ pipe to increase or decrease with increasing... Problem Q16.4DQ: In most modern wind instruments the pitch is changed by using keys or valves to change the length of... Problem Q16.5DQ: Symphonic musicians always warm up their wind instruments by blowing into them before a performance.... Problem Q16.6DQ: In a popular and amusing science demonstration, a person inhales helium and then his voice becomes... Problem Q16.7DQ Problem Q16.8DQ: (a) Does a sound level of 0 dB mean that there is no sound? (b) Is there any physical meaning to a... Problem Q16.9DQ: Which has a more direct influence on the loudness of a sound wave: the displacement amplitude or the... Problem Q16.10DQ: If the pressure amplitude of a sound wave is halved, by what factor does the intensity of the wave... Problem Q16.11DQ: Does the sound intensity level obey the inverse-square law? Why? Problem Q16.12DQ: A small fraction of the energy in a sound wave is absorbed by the air through which the sound... Problem Q16.13DQ: A small metal band is slipped onto one of the tines of a tuning fork. As this band is moved closer... Problem Q16.14DQ: An organist in a cathedral plays a loud chord and then releases the keys. The sound persists for a... Problem Q16.15DQ Problem Q16.16DQ: Two vibrating tuning forks have identical frequencies, but one is stationary and the other is... Problem Q16.17DQ: A large church has part of the organ in the front of the church and part in the back. A person... Problem Q16.18DQ: A sound source and a listener are both at rest on the earth, but a strong wind is blowing from the... Problem Q16.19DQ: Can you think of circumstances in which a Doppler effect would be observed for surface waves in... Problem Q16.20DQ Problem Q16.21DQ: If you wait at a railroad crossing as a train approaches and passes, you hear a Doppler shift in its... Problem Q16.22DQ: In case 1, a source of sound approaches a stationary observer at speed u. In case 2, the observer... Problem Q16.23DQ: Does an aircraft make a sonic boom only at the instant its speed exceeds Mach 1? Explain. Problem Q16.24DQ: If you are riding in a supersonic aircraft, what do you hear? Explain. In particular, do you hear a... Problem Q16.25DQ Problem 16.1E: Example 16.1 (Section 16.1) showed that for sound waves in air with frequency 1000 Hz, a... Problem 16.2E Problem 16.3E: Consider a sound wave in air that has displacement amplitude 0.0200 mm. Calculate the pressure... Problem 16.4E: A loud factory machine produces sound having a displacement amplitude of 1.00 m, but the frequency... Problem 16.5E: BIO Ultrasound and Infrasound. (a) Whale communication. Blue whales apparently communicate with each... Problem 16.6E: (a) In a liquid with density 1300 kg/m3, longitudinal waves with frequency 400 Hz are found to have... Problem 16.7E: A submerged scuba diver hears the sound of a boat horn directly above her on the surface of the... Problem 16.8E Problem 16.9E: An oscillator vibrating at 1250 Hz produces a sound wave that travels through an ideal gas at 325... Problem 16.10E: CALC (a) Show that the fractional change in the speed of sound (d/) due to a very small temperature... Problem 16.11E: A 60.0-m-long brass rod is struck at one end. A person at the other end hears two sounds as a result... Problem 16.12E Problem 16.13E: BIO Energy Delivered to the Ear. Sound is detected when a sound wave causes the tympanic membrane... Problem 16.14E: (a) By what factor must the sound intensity be increased to raise the sound intensity level by 13.0... Problem 16.15E: Eavesdropping! You are trying to overhear a juicy conversation, but from your distance of 15.0 m, it... Problem 16.16E: BIO Human Hearing. A fan at a rock concert is 30 m from the stage, and at this point the sound... Problem 16.17E: A sound wave in air at 20C has a frequency of 320 Hz and a displacement amplitude of 5.00 103 mm.... Problem 16.18E: You live on a busy street, but as a music lover, you want to reduce the traffic noise. (a) If you... Problem 16.19E: BIO For a person with normal hearing, the faintest sound that can be heard at a frequency of 400 Hz... Problem 16.20E: The intensity due to a number of independent sound sources is the sum of the individual intensities.... Problem 16.21E: CP A babys mouth is 30 cm from her fathers ear and 1.50 m from her mothers ear. What is the... Problem 16.22E: The Sacramento City Council adopted a law to reduce the allowed sound intensity level of the... Problem 16.23E: CP At point A, 3.0 m from a small source of sound that is emitting uniformly in all directions, the... Problem 16.24E: (a) If two sounds differ by 5.00 dB, find the ratio of the intensity of the louder sound to that of... Problem 16.25E: Standing sound waves are produced in a pipe that is 1.20 m long. For the fundamental and first two... Problem 16.26E: The fundamental frequency of a pipe that is open at both ends is 524 Hz. (a) How long is this pipe?... Problem 16.27E Problem 16.28E: BIO The Vocal Tract. Many opera singers (and some pop singers) have a range of about 212 octaves or... Problem 16.29E: The longest pipe found in most medium-size pipe organs is 4.88 m (16 ft) long. What is the frequency... Problem 16.30E: Singing in the Shower. A pipe closed at both ends can have standing waves inside of it, but you... Problem 16.31E: You blow across the open mouth of an empty test tube and produce the fundamental standing wave of... Problem 16.32E Problem 16.33E: A 75.0-cm-long wire of mass 5.625 g is tied at both ends and adjusted to a tension of 35.0 N. When... Problem 16.34E: Small speakers A and B are driven in phase at 725 Hz by the same audio oscillator. Both speakers... Problem 16.35E Problem 16.36E: Two loudspeakers, A and B (see Fig. E16.35), are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal... Problem 16.37E: Two loudspeakers, A and B, are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase.... Problem 16.38E: Two loudspeakers, A and B, are driven by the same amplifier and emit sinusoidal waves in phase. The... Problem 16.39E: Two small stereo speakers are driven in step by the same variable-frequency oscillator. Their sound... Problem 16.40E: Two guitarists attempt to play the same note of wave-length 64.8 cm at the same time, but one of the... Problem 16.41E Problem 16.42E: Adjusting Airplane Motors. The motors that drive airplane propellers are, in some cases, tuned by... Problem 16.43E: Two organ pipes, open at one end but closed at the other, are each 1.14 m long. One is now... Problem 16.44E: In Example 16.18 (Section 16.8), suppose the police car is moving away from the warehouse at 20 m/s.... Problem 16.45E: On the planet Arrakis a male ornithoid is flying toward his mate at 25.0 m/s while singing at a... Problem 16.46E: A railroad train is traveling at 25.0 m/s in still air. The frequency of the note emitted by the... Problem 16.47E: Two train whistles, A and B, each have a frequency of 392 Hz. A is stationary and B is moving toward... Problem 16.48E: Moving Source vs. Moving Listener. (a) A sound source producing 1.00-kHz waves moves toward a... Problem 16.49E: A swimming duck puddles the water with its feet once every 1.6 s, producing surface waves with this... Problem 16.50E: A railroad train is traveling at 30.0 m/s in still air. The frequency of the note emitted by the... Problem 16.51E: A car alarm is emitting sound waves of frequency 520 Hz. You are on a motorcycle, traveling directly... Problem 16.52E: While sitting in your car by the side of a country road, you are approached by your friend, who... Problem 16.53E Problem 16.54E: The siren of a fire engine that is driving northward at 30.0 m/s emits a sound of frequency 2000 Hz.... Problem 16.55E: A stationary police car emits a sound of frequency 1200 Hz that bounces off a car on the highway and... Problem 16.56E: How fast (as a percentage of light speed) would a star have to be moving so that the frequency of... Problem 16.57E: A jet plane flies overhead at Mach 1.70 and at a constant altitude of 1250 m. (a) What is the angle ... Problem 16.58E: The shock-wave cone created by a space shuttle at one instant during its reentry into the atmosphere... Problem 16.59P: A soprano and a bass are singing a duet. While the soprano sings an A-sharp at 932 Hz, the bass... Problem 16.60P: CP The sound from a trumpet radiates uniformly in all directions in 20C air. At a distance of 5.00 m... Problem 16.61P Problem 16.62P: CP A uniform 165-N bar is supported horizontally by two identical wires A and B (Fig. P16.62). A... Problem 16.63P: An organ pipe has two successive harmonics with frequencies 1372 and 1764 Hz. (a) Is this an open or... Problem 16.64P Problem 16.65P Problem 16.66P: A bat flies toward a wall, emitting a steady sound of frequency 1.70 kHz. This bat hears its own... Problem 16.67P: The sound source of a ships sonar system operates at a frequency of 18.0 kHz. The speed of sound in... Problem 16.68P: BIO Ultrasound in Medicine. A 2.00-MHZ sound wave travels through a pregnant womans abdomen and is... Problem 16.69P: BIO Horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus) emit sounds from their nostrils and then listen to the... Problem 16.70P: CP A police siren of frequency fsiren is attached to a vibrating platform. The platform and siren... Problem 16.71P: CP A turntable 1.50 m in diameter rotates at 75 rpm. Two speakers, each giving off sound of... Problem 16.72P: DATA A long, closed cylindrical tank contains a diatomic gas that is maintained at a uniform... Problem 16.73P Problem 16.74P: DATA Supernova! (a) Equation (16.30) can be written as fR=fS(1c)1/2(1+c)1/2 where c is the speed of... Problem 16.75CP: CALC Figure P16.75 shows the pressure fluctuation p of a nonsinusoidal sound wave as a function of x... Problem 16.76CP: CP Longitudinal Waves on a Spring. A long spring such as a Slinky is often used to demonstrate... Problem 16.77PP: BIO ULTRASOUND IMAGING. A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam... Problem 16.78PP: BIO ULTRASOUND IMAGING. A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam... Problem 16.79PP: BIO ULTRASOUND IMAGING. A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam... Problem 16.80PP: BIO ULTRASOUND IMAGING. A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam... Problem 16.81PP: BIO ULTRASOUND IMAGING. A typical ultrasound transducer used for medical diagnosis produces a beam... format_list_bulleted
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