
Concept explainers
Match the cell type with the correct stimulus.
______ Rod or cone
_______ Hair cell in cochlea
_______Gustatory cell
________Olfactory neuron
________Hair cell in vestibule
a. Head movement
b. Odorant
c. Photon
d. Taste substance
e. Sound wave

To review:
The matching of the correct cell types: rods and cones, hair cells in the cochlea, gustatory cell, olfactory neurons, and hair cells in the vestibule with their stimulus given below.
1. Head movement
2. Odorant
3. Photon
4. Taste substance
5. Soundwave
Introduction:
The human body’s control system is one of the main systems of the nervous system. It transfers, receives and controls nerve impulse through the body. Finally, these impulses inform the muscle and the body organs for what to do and how to respond to the environment.
Explanation of Solution
The innermost and the deepest layer of the eyeball is the retina, also called the neural layer. There are two layers; a thin superficial layer and a pigmented epithelium that minimize the scattering of light. There are two light detecting cells found in the depths of pigmented epithelium layer, namely, rods and cones. Rods are the type of photoreceptors sensitive for black and cones are responsible for the colored vision in brighter light.
Hair cells of the cochlea are responsible for detecting sound. In mammals, hair cells are found within the spiral organ of corti, which is located on the thin basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear.
The experience of food can be achieved by the sense of taste. The process of taste involveschemoreceptors that respond to the chemicalsthroughspecialized receptor cells called gustatory cells. These are types of specialized epithelial cells. These cells contain microvilli which are mainly responsible for different tastes.
The olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve which carries information related to smell. Olfaction (capability to sense smell) starts with the olfactory epithelium, which is found located within the superior portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory neurons help in the detection of odorants and are known as chemoreceptors. Around 10 million olfactory neurons are found in the human body.
The rotational movements of headis identified by hair cells presented in the posterior, anterior as well as lateral semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth. A cluster of hair cells and supporting cells are found in each ampulla. When we turn our head, the endolymph legs trailing and push on the cupula. This activity bends the stereocilia which control the release of glutamate from the hair cells and cause a change in the activity of neurons of the vestibular nerve. Finally, our brain reads the change in neuron activity as the head rotation takes place.
Therefore, it can be concluded that each of the cell types are correctly matched with its stimulus. Followings are the matches:
Rode or cone | c). Photon |
Hair cells in cochlea | e). Sound wave |
Gustatory cells | d).Taste substance |
Olfactory neuron | b). Odorant |
Hair cell in vestibule | a.) head movement |
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
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