1 Chemistry: The Central Science 2 Atoms, Molecules, And Ions 3 Stoichiometry: Ratios Of Combination 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solutions 5 Thermochemistry 6 Quantum Theory And The Electronic Structure Of Atoms 7 Electron Configuration And The Periodic Table 8 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 9 Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Geometry And Bonding Theories 10 Gases 11 Intermolecular Forces And The Physical Properties Of Liquids And Solids 12 Modern Materials 13 Physical Properties Of Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids And Bases 17 Acid-base Equilibria And Solubility Equilibria 18 Entropy, Free Energy, And Equilibrium 19 Electrochemistry 20 Nuclear Chemistry 21 Environmental Chemistry 22 Coordination Chemistry 23 Metallurgy And The Chemistry Of Metals 24 Nonmetallic Elements And Their Compounds 25 Organic Chemistry expand_more
14.1 Sample Problem And Checkpoint 14.2 Sample Problem And Checkpoint 14.3 Sample Problem And Checkpoint 14.4 Sample Problem And Checkpoint 14.5 Sample Problem And Checkpoint 14.6 Sample Problem 14.7 Sample Problem 14.8 Sample Problem 14.9 Sample Problem 14.10 Sample Problem 14.11 Sample Problem 14.12 Sample Problem Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1KSP Problem 2KSP Problem 3KSP Problem 4KSP Problem 1QP: 14.1 What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? What are the units of the rate of a... Problem 2QP: Distinguish between average rate and instantaneous rate. Which of the two rates gives us an... Problem 3QP: What are the advantages of measuring the initial rate of a reaction? Problem 4QP: Identify two reactions that are very slow (take days or longer to complete) and two reactions that... Problem 5QP: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in terms of the disappearance of the... Problem 6QP: Write the reaction rate expressions for the following reactions in terms of the disappearance of the... Problem 7QP: Consider the reaction: 2NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2NO 2 ( g ) Suppose that at a particular moment... Problem 8QP: 14.8 Consider the reaction:
Suppose that at a particular moment during the reaction molecular... Problem 9QP: 14.9 Explain what is meant by the rate law of a reaction.
Problem 10QP Problem 11QP: What are the units for the rate constants of first-order and second-order reactions? Problem 12QP: 14.12 Consider the zeroth-order reaction: a product. (a) Write the rate law for the reaction. (b)... Problem 13QP: 14.13 The rate constant of a first-order reaction is . What is the rate constant in units of... Problem 14QP: Identify two reactions that are very slow (take days or longer to complete) and two reactions that... Problem 15QP: The rate law for the reaction: N H 4 + ( a q )+N O 2 - ( a q ) → N 2 ( g )+2 H 2 O( l ) Is given by... Problem 16QP: Use the data in Table 14.2 to calculate the rate of the reaction at the time when [ F 2 ] = 0 .020 M... Problem 17QP: 14.17 Consider the reaction:
From the following data obtained at a certain temperature, determine... Problem 18QP: Consider the reaction: X + Y → Z From the following data, obtained at 360 K, (a) determine the order... Problem 19QP: Determine the overall orders of the reactions to which the following rate laws apply: (a) rate = k [... Problem 20QP: 14.20 Consider the reaction:
The rate of the reaction is when the concentration of A is 0.15 M.... Problem 21QP: Cyclobutane decomposes to ethylene according to the equation: C 4 H 8 ( g ) → 2C H 2 4 ( g )... Problem 22QP: The following gas-phase reaction was studied at 290°C by observing the change in pressure as a... Problem 23QP: Write an equation relating the concentration of a reactant A at t = 0 to that at t = t for a... Problem 24QP: 14.24 Define half-life. Write the equation relating the half-life of a first-order reaction to the... Problem 25QP Problem 26QP: 14.26 For a first-order reaction, how long will it take for the concentration of reactant to fall to... Problem 27QP: What is the half-life of a compound if 75 percent of a given sample of the compound decomposes in 60... Problem 28QP: 14.28 The thermal decomposition of phosphine into phosphorus and molecular hydrogen is a... Problem 29QP: The rate constant for the second-order reaction: 2NOBr ( g ) → 2NO ( g ) + Br 2 ( g ) is 0.80 / M ⋅... Problem 30QP: The rate constant for the second-order reaction: 2NO 2 ( g ) → 2NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) is 0 .54/ M ⋅ s... Problem 31QP: 14.31 The second-order rate constant for the dimerization of a protein (P)
If the concentration of... Problem 32QP Problem 33QP: 14.33 The reaction shown here follows first-order kinetics. Initially different amounts of A... Problem 34QP: 14 34 Define activation energy. What role does activation energy play in chemical kinetics?
Problem 35QP Problem 36QP Problem 37QP: The burning of methane in oxygen is a highly exothermic reaction. Yet a mixture of methane and... Problem 38QP: Sketch a potential-energy versus reaction progress plot for the following reactions: ( a ) S ( s ) +... Problem 39QP: The reaction H+H 2 → H 2 +H has been studied for many years. Sketch a potential-energy versus... Problem 40QP: Over the range of about ±3°C from normal body temperature, the metabolic rate, M T , is given by M T... Problem 41QP: For the reaction: NO ( g ) + O 3 ( g ) → NO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) the frequency factor A is 8 .7 × 10... Problem 42QP: The rate constant of a first-order reaction is 4 .60 × 10 -4 s -1 at 350°C . If the activation... Problem 43QP: The rate constants of some reactions double with every 10° rise in temperature. Assume that a... Problem 44QP: 14.44 The rate at which tree crickets chirp is per minute at but only 39.6 per minute at . From... Problem 45QP: The rate of bacterial hydrolysis of fish muscle is twice as great at 2.2 ° C as at − 1.1 ° C .... Problem 46QP Problem 47QP: Given the same reactant concentrations, the reaction: CO ( g ) + ( g ) → COCl 2 ( g ) at 250°C is... Problem 48QP: 14.48 Variation of the rate constant with temperature for the first-order reaction:
is given in the... Problem 49QP: 14.49 Diagram A describes the initial state of reaction:
.
Suppose the reaction is carried out at... Problem 50QP: 14 50 What do we mean by the mechanism of a reaction?
Problem 51QP: 14.51 What is an elementary step? What is the molecularity of a reaction?
Problem 52QP: 14.52 Classify the following elementary reactions as unimolecular, bimolecular, or... Problem 53QP: Reactions can be classified as unimolecular, bimolecular, and so on. Why are there no zero-molecular... Problem 54QP: Determine the molecularity, and write the rate law for each of the following elementary steps: ( a )... Problem 55QP: 14.55 What is the rate-determining step of a reaction? Give an everyday analogy to illustrate the... Problem 56QP: 14.56 The equation for the combustion of ethane is:
Explain why it is unlikely that this equation... Problem 57QP: Specify which of the following species cannot be isolated in a reaction: activated complex, product,... Problem 58QP: Classify each of the following elementary steps as unimolecular. bimolecular. or termolecular. Problem 59QP: 14.59 The rate law for the reaction:
is given by rate (a) What is the order of the reaction? (b) A... Problem 60QP: For the reaction x 2 + y + z → x y + x z , it is found that doubling the concentration of x 2... Problem 61QP: The rate law for the reaction: 2H 2 ( g ) + 2NO ( g ) → N 2 ( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) is rate = k [ H 2 ] [... Problem 62QP: 14.62 The rate law for the decomposition of ozone to molecular oxygen:
is:
The mechanism proposed... Problem 63QP: 14.63 How does a catalyst increase the rate of a reaction?
Problem 64QP: 14.64 What are the characteristics of a catalyst?
Problem 65QP: A certain reaction is known to proceed slowly at room temperature. Is it possible to make the... Problem 66QP: Most reactions, including enzyme-catalyzed reactions, proceed faster at higher temperatures.... Problem 67QP: 14.67 Are enzyme-catalyzed reactions examples of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis? Explain.
Problem 68QP: The concentrations of enzymes in cells are usually quite small. What is the biological significance... Problem 69QP: When fruits such as apples and pears are cut. the exposed areas begin to turn brown. This is the... Problem 70QP: The first-order rate constant for the dehydration of carbonic acid: H 2 CO 3 → CO 2 + H 2 O is about... Problem 71QP: Which two potential-energy profiles represent the same reaction catalyzed and uncatalyzed? Problem 72QP: Consider the following mechanism for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction: E+S ⇌ k − 1 k 1 ES (fast... Problem 73AP: List four factors that influence the rate of a reaction. Problem 74AP: 14.71 Suggest experimental means by which the rates of the following reactions could be followed:
Problem 75AP: 14.75 “The rate constant for the reaction:
is .” What is incomplete about this statement?
Problem 76AP Problem 77AP: The following diagrams represent the progress of the reaction a → B where the red spheres represent... Problem 78AP: The following diagrams show the progress of the reaction 2A → A 2 . Determine whether the reaction... Problem 79AP Problem 80AP Problem 81AP: 14.81 When methyl phosphate is heated in acid solution, it reacts with water:
If the reaction is... Problem 82AP: The rate of the reaction: CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ( a q ) +H 2 O ( l ) → CH 3 COOH( a q )+ C 2 H 5 OH ( a q... Problem 83AP: Explain why most metals used in catalysis are transition metals. Problem 84AP Problem 85AP: The bromination of acetone is acid-catalyzed: CH 3 COCH 3 + Br 2 → catayst H + CH 3 COCH 2 Br + H +... Problem 86AP: The decomposition of N 2 O to N 2 and O 2 is a first-order reaction. At 730°C the half-life of the... Problem 87AP: 14.87 The reaction proceeds slowly in aqueous solution, but it can be catalyzed by the ion. Given... Problem 88AP Problem 89AP: The integrated rate law for the zeroth-order reaction A → B is [A] t = [ A ] o − k t . (a) Sketch... Problem 90AP: 14.90 A flask contains a mixture of compounds A and B. Both compounds decompose by first-order... Problem 91AP Problem 92AP: 14.92 The rate law for the reaction . Which of the following changes will change the value of k? (a)... Problem 93AP: 14.93 The reaction of to form 2EG is exothermic, and the reaction of to form 2XG is endothermic.... Problem 94AP: 14.94 The activation energy for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide:
is whereas when the... Problem 95AP Problem 96AP: 14.96 When 6 g of granulated Zn is added to a solution of 2 M HCl in a beaker at room temperature,... Problem 97AP Problem 98AP: 14.98 A certain first-order reaction is 35.5 percent complete in 4.90 min at . What is its rate... Problem 99AP: 14.99 The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide has been studied in carbon tetrachloride solventat a... Problem 100AP: 14.100 The thermal decomposition of obeys first-order kinetics. At , a plot of In versus t gives a... Problem 101AP: 14.101 When a mixture of methane and bromine is exposed to light, the following reaction occurs... Problem 102AP: 14.102 The rate of the reaction between to form HI increases with the intensity of visible light.... Problem 103AP: The rate constant for the gaseous reaction: H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( g ) → 2HI( g ) is 2 .42 × 10 -2 / M ⋅... Problem 104AP: A gas mixture containing CH 3 fragments. C 2 H 6 molecules, and an inert gas (He) was prepared at... Problem 105AP: Consider the following elementary step: X + 2Y → XY 2 (a) Write a rate law for this reaction. (b) If... Problem 106AP: 14.106 The following scheme in which A is converted to B. which is then converted to C. is known as... Problem 107AP: 14.107 (a) Consider two reactions, A and B. If the rate constant for reaction B increases by a... Problem 108AP: The rate law for the following reaction: CO ( g ) + NO 2 ( g ) → CO 2 ( g ) + NO ( g ) is rate = k... Problem 109AP: Consider the following elementary steps for a consecutive reaction: A → K 1 B → k 2 C (a) Write an... Problem 110AP Problem 111AP: Consider the following potential-energy profile for the A → D reaction. (a) How many elementary... Problem 112AP: The rate of a reaction was followed by the absorption of light by the reactants and products as a... Problem 113AP: 14.113 The first-order rate constant for the decomposition of dimethyl ether:
is . The reaction is... Problem 114AP: 14.114 Many reactions involving heterogeneous catalysts are zeroth order; that is, rate = k. An... Problem 115AP: Thallium(I) is oxidized by cerium(IV) as follows: Tl + + 2Ce 4+ → Tl 3+ + 2Ce 3+ The elementary... Problem 116AP: The activation energy for the reaction: N 2 O ( g ) → N 2 ( g ) + O ( g ) is 2 .4 × 10 2 kJ/mol at... Problem 117AP: Δ H ° for the reaction in Problem 14.116 is -164 kJ/mol. What is the activation energy ( E a ) for... Problem 118AP: 14.118 At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia decomposes on the surface of tungsten metal as... Problem 119AP: 14.119 The following expression shows the dependence of the half-life of a reaction on the initial... Problem 120AP: In a certain industrial process involving a heterogeneous catalyst, the volume of the catalyst (in... Problem 121AP: Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major product of an atomic bomb explosion. It has a... Problem 122AP Problem 123AP Problem 124AP: A factory that specializes in the refinement of transition metals such as titanium was on fire. The... Problem 125AP: 14.125 When the concentration of A in the reaction as changed from 1.20 M to 0.60 M, the half-life... Problem 126AP: 14.126 The activity of a radioactive sample is the number of nuclear disintegrations per second,... Problem 127AP Problem 128AP Problem 129AP Problem 130AP Problem 131AP Problem 132AP Problem 133AP Problem 134AP: 14.134 At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia decomposes on the surface of tungsten metal as... Problem 135AP: Polyethylene is used in many items, including water pipes, bottles, electrical insulation, toys, and... Problem 136AP: In recent years, ozone in the stratosphere has been depleted at an alarmingly fast rate by... Problem 1SEPP: Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a drug used to alleviate severe bone pain... Problem 2SEPP: Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a drug used to alleviate severe bone pain... Problem 3SEPP: Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a drug used to alleviate severe bone pain... Problem 4SEPP: Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a drug used to alleviate severe bone pain... format_list_bulleted
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