
Concept explainers
The molecule that carries the genetic information of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis is
a. ribosomal RNA.
b. messenger RNA.
c. transfer RNA.
d. microRNA.

Introduction:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) being a polymeric molecule consists of a pentose sugar, nucleotides, and phosphate group. Unlike deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), pentose sugar of RNA does not lack oxygen atom at two carbon positions of its structure. Nitrogenous bases involved are G (guanine), U (uracil), A (adenine), and C (cytosine).
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) carries the information from nucleus to the cytoplasm for the translation process.
Justification for the correct statement:
Option (b) is given as, messenger RNA. The central dogma states that DNA undergoes replication and then undergoes the process of transcription, which forms mRNA out of it. The mRNA formed then undergoes another process known as translation process wherein the protein synthesis takes place. Transcription process yield mRNA, which codes for the basic genetic information. The transportation of the information is aided by exportins located inside the nucleus of the cells. So, option (b) is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Explanation for the incorrect answer:
Option (a) is given as, ribosomal RNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is primarily responsible for the facilitation of amino acids at the time-translational process. So, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (c) is given as transfer RNA. The main function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to transfer the amino acid at the time of transcription process. They are also known as adapter molecule. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
Option (d) is given as, microRNA. They are structurally small and functionally noncoding. They are primarily involved in the regulatory activity of gene expression. Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.
Hence, option (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect.
Therefore, it can be concluded that it is mRNA only, which holds the responsibility for transporting the genetic information from nucleus to cytoplasm.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
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