General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511245
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.68P
Mineral oil and Vaseline are both mixtures of
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Mineral oil and Vaseline are both mixtures of alkanes, but mineral oil is a liquid at room temperature and Vaseline is a solid. Which product is composed of alkanes that contain a larger number of carbon atoms? Explain your choice.
Petroleum products such as kerosene and gasoline are separated using fractional distillation. Each of them has their own properties and usage. Why can't we use one petroleum product as a substitute for the other when they are composed majority of alkanes?
Gasohol is a mixture of 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH. Ethanol is considered an environmentally friendly fuel additive because it can be made from a renewable source—sugarcane. Ethanol burns in air to form CO 2 and H 2O, and, like the combustion of alkanes, this reaction also releases a great deal of energy. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol.
Chapter 12 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Ch. 12.1 - How many hydrogen atoms are present in each...Ch. 12.1 - Which formulas represent acyclic alkanes and which...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3PCh. 12.2 - Draw two isomers with molecular formula C6H14 that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.5PCh. 12.2 - Classify the carbon atoms in each compound as 1°,...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.7PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.8PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.9PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.10P
Ch. 12.4 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.4 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound....Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.13PCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.14PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.15PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.16PCh. 12.5 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.18PCh. 12.7 - Answer the following questions about pentane...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 12.20PCh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.21PCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.22PCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.23PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.24PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.25PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 12.26PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.27PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.28PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.29PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.30PCh. 12 - Classify each carbon as 1°, 2°, 3°, or 4°. a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.32PCh. 12 - Label each pair of compounds as constitutional...Ch. 12 - Label each pair of compounds as constitutional...Ch. 12 - Consider compounds A, B, and C. Label each pair of...Ch. 12 - Consider compounds D,E, and F. Label each pair of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.37PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.38PCh. 12 - Draw structures that fit the following...Ch. 12 - Draw the five constitutional isomers having...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.41PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.44PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.45PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.46PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.47PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.48PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.49PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.50PCh. 12 - Give the IUPAC name for each cycloalkane.Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.52PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.53PCh. 12 - Give the structure corresponding to each IUPAC...Ch. 12 - Each of the following IUPAC names is incorrect....Ch. 12 - Each of the following IUPAC names is incorrect....Ch. 12 - Draw three constitutional isomers having molecular...Ch. 12 - Draw four constitutional isomers having molecular...Ch. 12 - Draw a skeletal structure for each compound octane...Ch. 12 - Convert each compound to a skeletal structure CH3(...Ch. 12 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 12 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair has the higher melting...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 12 - Branching in an alkane chain decreases surface...Ch. 12 - Explain why the boiling points of heptane [CH3( CH...Ch. 12 - Explain why hexane is more soluble in...Ch. 12 - Mineral oil and Vaseline are both mixtures of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the combustion of...Ch. 12 - Write a balanced equation for the incomplete...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.72PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.73PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.75PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.76PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.77PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.78PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.79PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.80PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.81PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.82PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.83PCh. 12 - A major component of animal fat is tristearin, (a)...Ch. 12 - Answer the following questions about the alkane...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.86PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.87PCh. 12 - Answer the questions in Problem 12.85 for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.89CPCh. 12 - Draw the structure of the 12 constitutional...Ch. 12 - Cyclopentane has a higher boiling point than...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.92CP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardIs the general formula of a cycloalkanes the same as the general formula of an alkane, CnH2n+2? Draw any structural diagram to illustrate your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term “unsaturated hydrocarbon”? What structural feature characterizes unsaturated hydrocarbons?arrow_forward
- Alkenes and alkynes react similarly to each other. Hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydration reactions are all types of addition reactions in which the reagent adds across the multiple bond of the reactant • Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst such as platinum, palladium, or nickel. • Halogenation involves a reaction with a halogen such as Cl₂ or Br₂ to produce a dihaloalkane or dihaloalkene product. Hydration reactions take place when alkenes or alkynes react with water in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to yield an alcohol. ▼ Part A Predict the product of the reaction of 1-butene with bromine. Enter the IUPAC name. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Submit ▾ Part B An alkyne undergoes hydrogenation to produce an alkane as follows: 04 RC=CR + 2H₂ Q Pd catalyst alkane Predict the product and draw it. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. To add an R group, double click an while…arrow_forwardPetrol is a complex mix of light hydrocarbons. Petrol with octane number 95 contains 95% 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. This compound can be obtained by breaking up a large hydrocarbon molecule such as dodecane, C12H26 using a catalyst such as zeolite. a) name the process where a large hydrocarbon molecule is broken into smaller molecules b) write an equation for the breaking up of dodecane into 2,2,4-trimethylpentane if another branched hydrocarbon compound is formed at the same time. c) what is the other hydrocarbon obtained ? d) draw the structural formula of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.arrow_forwardHalogenoalkanes undergo two different types of reaction, substitution and elimination reactions depending on the conditions. Use the reaction between 2-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide to explain the chemical reactions of haloalkanes. You must include the following in your explanation: Describe what change is taking place to the halogenoalkane and the product(s) formed. The reaction equations The conditions under which the reactions occur.arrow_forward
- WHich statement is true? Statement 1: The ignition test for hydrocarbons is based on the sootiness of the flames they produce when burned. Unsaturated compounds produce black powdery or flaky substances consisting largely of amorphous carbon which is due to the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Statement 2: In the bromine test for unsaturation, the disappearance of the orange or red-brown color of bromine is due to the electrophilic addition reaction of bromine with the pi bond.arrow_forwardHow does the structure of an alcohol differ from an ether? Describe how an aldehyde differs in structure from a ketone. Thiols are compounds which resemble alcohols, except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. Draw the analogous thiol for the four carbon alcohol in Table 1. Describe the structural difference between carboxylic acids and esters. Are ethers polar molecules? Would you expect ethers to have higher or lower boiling points than alkanes (circle one)? Explain. Pentane (an alkane) has a boiling point of 36 °C. Does the data agree with your prediction? explain why this could be the casearrow_forwardHalogenoalkanes undergo two different types of reaction, substitution and elimination reactions depending on the conditions. Use the reaction between 2-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide to explain the chemical reactions of haloalkanes. You must include the following in your explanation: Describe what change is taking place to the halogenoalkane and the product(s) formed. The reaction equations The conditions under which the reactions occur. please provide a written explain as wellarrow_forward
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Chapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Lesson 2; Author: Linda Hanson;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL_CM_Btef4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Chapter 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Lesson 1; Author: Linda Hanson;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPIa6EHJMJw;License: Standard Youtube License