Chapter 11, Problem 53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for more stability of gauche conformation of ethylene glycol as compared to butane is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Staggered conformation: It is the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a molecule, resulting in a ${60}^{\circ }$ dihedral angle between two largest groups. In other words, their bonds to the axis of rotation are not aligned.

Anti-co-planer conformation: It is the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a molecule, resulting in a 180⁰ dihedral angle between two largest groups. It is also called anti-staggered or anti-conformation. It has low potential energy because of less torsional strain, and hence, more stable.

Eclipsed conformation: It is the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms in a molecule, resulting in a $0^{\circ }$ dihedral angle between two largest groups. It is also called syn-planar transition. It has high potential energy because of high torsional strain and hence, less stable.