Chapter 10, Problem 10.85QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: In the molecule of ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$, by equating the bond moments of $\text{C-Cl}$ bonds to the resultant bond moment, all the bond angles are the tetrahedral bond angle of $\text{109}{\text{.5}}^{\text{o}}$ have to be proved.

Concept Introduction:

Bond moment:

In polar molecules, there will be a bond between a high electronegative atom and a least electronegative atom. The high electronegative atom pulls the shared pair of electrons towards itself and acquires a partial negative charge on it and creates a partial positive charge on the least electronegative atom. This is known as charge separation and the overall phenomenon is known as bond moment. It is a vector quantity which means it has both magnitude and direction.

Resultant dipole moment:

If all possible bond moments of a polar molecule are with different magnitudes, then a net dipole moment will be resulted which is known as the resultant dipole moment. If the bond moments are with same magnitudes, then there won’t be a resultant dipole moment since all the bond moments cancel with each other. So, the resultant dipole moment depends on the magnitude of bond moments. It is independent of the directions of bond moments