Chapter 1, Problem 1.10E

Classify each of the following as (1) a physical property, (2) a physical change, (3) a chemical property, or (4) a chemical change. a. the process of burning a piece of newspaper b. the fact that metallic copper reacts with chlorine gas c. the process of melting ice d. the fact that metallic gold is a solid at room temperature

Classify each of the following properties of the metal magnesium as a physical property or a chemical property. a. Silvery-white in color b. Does not react with cold water c. Melts at 651C d. Finely divided form burns in oxygen with a dazzling white flame

Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.

In each case, identify the italicized property as a physical or chemical property. Give a reason for your choice. The normal color of the element bromine is red-orange. Iron is transformed into rust in the presence of air and water. Dynamite can explode. Aluminum metal, the shiny “foil” you use in the kitchen, melts at 660 °C.

Which of the following are compounds, and which are elements? aNa2S bBr2 cPotassium hydroxide dFluorine eCompound or element fCompound or element

In the accompanying photo, you see a crystal of the mineral calcite surrounded by piles of calcium and carbon, two of the elements that combine to make the mineral. (The other element combined in calcite is oxygen.) Based on the photo, describe some of the physical properties of the elements and the mineral. Are any properties the same? Are any properties different? Calcite (the transparent, cube-like crystal) and two of its constituent elements, calcium (chips) and carbon (black grains). The calcium chips are covered with a thin film of calcium oxide.

In each case, decide if the change is a chemical or physical change. (a) A cup of household bleach changes the color of your favorite T-shirt from purple to pink. (b) Water vapor in your exhaled breath condenses in the air on a cold day. (c) Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make sugar. (d) Butter melts when placed in the Sun.

Decide whether each of the following is a physical property or a chemical property of the substance. a Salt substitute, potassium chloride, dissolves in water. b Seashells, calcium carbonate, fizz when immersed in vinegar. c The gas hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten eggs. d Fine steel wool (Fe) can be burned in air. e Pure water freezes at 0C.

Indicate whether each of the following statements describes a physical or a chemical property. a. Diamonds are very hard substances. b. Gold metal does not react with nitric acid. c. Lithium metal is light enough to float on water. d. Mercury is a liquid at room temperature.