Q2.A local soap factoryproduces “homemade" soap and the major waste of theprocess is the salt dissolved in water which is drawn-off in a tank. The tankinitially contains 15 L of water and 750g of salt.Due to the local regulations,theconcentration ofsalt in the waste discharged from the tank to theenvironment must not exceed 11.5 g/L. To meet the local regulations, it isdesired topump fresh water into the tank at a rate of 2.0 L per minute while 25g of salt per Lof waste from the process is added at a rate of 1.5 L per minute.At the same time, to keep thesolution level constant in the tank, 3.5 L perminute of the waste containing salt must be discharged.Assuming uniformmixing and constant density,Stream BStream A25 g salt/L1.5L/minFresh water2 L/minV= 15 LStream Cx gsalt/min3.5 L/mina. Derive a dynamic model and use Laplace Transformation method to find anequation for the concentration of salt at exit stream as a function of time.b. Use the equation derived in a and calculate the required time to achieve therequired concentration level tomeet the local regulations?

The component balance of salt is taken into account. The component balance consists of inlet,…

Answered: Q2.A local soap factoryproduces…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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8. Acetone is an important chemical in manufacturing process as well as an organic solvent. However, acetone may cause health hazards if released uncontrolled into the environment. Hence, it is required to recover the acetone such that the discharge meets the environment safety standards. An example of an acetone recovery system is as shown in the given figure with the respective composition of each stream. Calculate the flow rate of the unknown streams. Condenser Air Out Water In A kg/h Air W kg/h Water 100 % Water 0.5 % Distillate D kg/h Acetone 99 % Water 1% Absorber Column Gas In G1400 kg/h Air 95% Acetone 3% Water 2% 1 99.5% 2 Feed In F kg/h Acetone 19 % Water 81 % 3D₂ Distillation Column Bottom B kg/h Acetone 4 % Water 96 %
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A continuous fractionation column is to be designed to separate 20000 kg / hr of a mixture of 40% benzene and 60% toluene into a distillate containing 97% benzene and a residual product of 96% toluene. These percentages are expressed by weight. A reflux ratio of 3.5 moles per 1 mole of product will be used. The molar latent heats of benzene and toluene are 7360 and 7960 cal / mol, respectively. Benzene and toluene form an ideal system with a relative volatility of the order of 2.5. The feed has a boiling point of 95 ° C at a pressure of 1 atm. i. Calculate the moles of distilled and residual products per hour ii. Calculate Qr and QC. Feed is a liquid at 20 ° C (specific heat = 0.44 cal / g ° C)
One hundred kg/hr of a 50 wt% solution of solute C in solvent A is to be extracted at 25 °C in a continuous LLE system with a pure second solvent B to obtain a final raffinate of 5 wt% of C. Using the following equilibrium data, determine the number of counter-current stages required when the mass rate of the extractive solvent B is 25 % of the feed solution. с
3. A mixture containing 45.0 %mole benzene (B), 30%mole toluene (T), and 25 %mole xylene (X) is fed to a distillation column. The bottom product contains 25 %mole X, 25 % mole B, and 87.9% of the X in the feed is recovered in this stream. The overhead product is fed to a second distillation column. The overhead product from the second column contains 55.0% of the B in the feed to this column. The composition of this stream is 94.0 mole% B and the balance T. What is the percentage of the benzene in the process feed that emerges in the overhead product from the second column. Calculate the percentage of toluene in the process feed that emerges in the bottom product from the second column.
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a water solution containing 10% acetic acid is added to a water solution containing 30% acetic acid flowing at the rate of 20 kg/min.The product P of the combination leaves at rate of 100 kg/min. - Draw and label the process flowchart - Make the DFA - Determine the composition of product P
A raw culture broth, with a density of 1000 kg/m³, flows at a mass rate of 2 ton/h through a continuous sterilizer to feed a CSTR-type bioreactor. The initial contamination of the broth is 5 million cells per mL, with the admission of a single surviving cell from the initial contamination in the CSTR bioreactor every two months of continuous operation. The activation energy and Arrhenius constant for the thermal destruction of these initial contaminating cells are 300 kJ/mol and 1040 h-1, respectively. The general ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/K/mol. The sterilizer tube has an inside diameter of 6 inches and the length of the holding section is 20 m.The viscosity of the medium is 0.01 g/cm/s.(a) What sterilization temperature should be employed and what is the hold time in the holding tube?(b) If axial dispersion could be neglected, what would be the new binomial time x temperature?
Two distillation columns in series are used to enhance the recovery of a desired component. In one set up, a liquid mixture containing 24.53% benzene, 22.82% toluene, and the balance xylene is fed to the first distillation column. The first bottoms contain 93.29% xylene and no benzene. The distillate of the first column is fed to the second column, and the second distillate recovered 81.92% of the benzene fed into the second column. Furthermore, analysis shows that the second distillate is composed of 93.96% benzene and no xylene. The bottoms stream of the second distillation column does not contain xylene. Determine the percent toluene lost in the whole system. Toluene is lost in the bottom product of the first column and on the distillate of the second column. Type answer in %, 2 decimal places.
Steel surface can be hardened by carburization. Such process is done at 1000°C and the concentration gradient (dc/dx) is -8.23x1029 atoms/m4. The coefficient of diffusion (D0) for Fe is 20x10-6 m2/s (See table 1). Estimate the flux of carbon atoms into the steel in this process.
In the aqueous phase, reactant A is fed to a batch reactor with an initial concentration of 1 mol / liter and reacts to form product R according to the reaction stoichiometry given below: A R The concentration of A in the reactor is measured at various times as shown below. t, minute 100 200 300 400 1000 СА, mol/m3 500 333 250 200 a. Using this information, derive the rate expression of the reaction by differential method. (30 p) b. Calculate the conversion in batch reactor after 5 hours when feeding with an initial concentration of CAO = 500 mol /m3.
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