Open to atmosphere Open to atmosphere Open to atmosphere Meter Meter Meter stick stick stick P P, = -hpg P, = hpg Pabs = Patm - hpg PEANUTS Vacuum Packed Pabs = Patm + hpg (а) (b) (c) Figure 11.16 An open-tube manometer has one side open to the atmosphere. (a) Fluid depth must be the same on both sides, or the pressure each side exerts at the bottom will be unequal and there will be flow from the deeper side. (b) A positive gauge pressure Pg = hpg transmitted to one side of the manometer can support a column of fluid of height h. (c) Similarly, atmospheric pressure is greater than a negative gauge pressure P g by an amount hpg . The jar's rigidity prevents atmospheric pressure from being transmitted to the peanuts.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
Find the gauge and absolute pressures in the balloon and
peanut jar shown in Figure 11.16, assuming the manometer
connected to the balloon uses water whereas the manometer
connected to the jar contains mercury. Express in units of
centimeters of water for the balloon and millimeters of
mercury for the jar, taking h = 0.0500 m for each.
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