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One of the most commonly used terms in criminal investigations is the so-called "DNA". DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the fundamental building block for an individual's entire genetic makeup. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Áttached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process caled transcription. Nucleobases (or nucleotide bases/nitrogenous bases) are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing). The primary nucleobasęs are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T), and uracil (U).They are usually simply called bases in genetics. Because A, G, C, and T appear in the DNA, these molecules are called DNA-bases; A, G, C, and U are called RNA-bases. For this example, let us consider the DNA bases, A, G. C, and T. Suppose one of these four bases must be selected three times to form a linear triplet, how many different triplets are possible3 Note that all four bases can be selected for each of the three components of the plet

One of the most commonly used terms in criminal investigations is the so-called "DNA". DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the fundamental building block for an individual's entire genetic makeup. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Áttached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process caled transcription. Nucleobases (or nucleotide bases/nitrogenous bases) are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing). The primary nucleobasęs are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T), and uracil (U).They are usually simply called bases in genetics. Because A, G, C, and T appear in the DNA, these molecules are called DNA-bases; A, G, C, and U are called RNA-bases. For this example, let us consider the DNA bases, A, G. C, and T. Suppose one of these four bases must be selected three times to form a linear triplet, how many different triplets are possible3 Note that all four bases can be selected for each of the three components of the plet

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Working problem 4.29: One of the most commonly used terms in criminal investigations is the so-called "DNA". DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the fundamental building block for an individual's entire genetic makeup. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups jained by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process caled transcription. Nucleobases (or nucleotide bases/nitrogenous bases) are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing). The primary nucleobases are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T), and uracil (Uj.They are usually simply called bases in genetics. Because A, G, C, and T appear in the DNA, these molecules are called DNA-bases; A, G, C, and U are called RNA-bases. For this example, let us consider the DNA bases, A, G. C, and T. Suppose one of these four bases must be selected three times to form a linear triplet, how many different triplets are possible Note that all four bases can be selected for each of the three components of the tplet
Transcribed Image Text:Working problem 4.29: One of the most commonly used terms in criminal investigations is the so-called "DNA". DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the fundamental building block for an individual's entire genetic makeup. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups jained by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process caled transcription. Nucleobases (or nucleotide bases/nitrogenous bases) are the parts of DNA and RNA that may be involved in pairing). The primary nucleobases are cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), and thymine (T), and uracil (Uj.They are usually simply called bases in genetics. Because A, G, C, and T appear in the DNA, these molecules are called DNA-bases; A, G, C, and U are called RNA-bases. For this example, let us consider the DNA bases, A, G. C, and T. Suppose one of these four bases must be selected three times to form a linear triplet, how many different triplets are possible Note that all four bases can be selected for each of the three components of the tplet
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