Lead Chloride (PbCl2, Ks=1.7x10-5) is saturated in a water source. In order to precipitate most of the lead out to get lead levels down to a safer limit of 0.028 mg/L, hydrochloric acid is added to the water. What is the molar concentration of hydrochloric acid needed to reach this level?

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Lead Chloride (PbCl2, Ks=1.7x10-5) is saturated in a water source. In order to precipitate most of the lead out to get lead levels down to a safer limit of 0.028 mg/L, hydrochloric acid is added to the water. What is the molar concentration of hydrochloric acid needed to reach this level?

 

c) After softening, water is known to have a buffer of 93 mg/L as CaCO3, and a pH of 9.6. How many millimoles (mmol) of hydrogen ion need to be added (per litre) to bring the pH down to 9?

Please answer both questions

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