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JuI II LI e same aITount Ul LTe - 10 example, Earth orbits the Sun every 36 we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so clo change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to c TRAPPIST-1 System A 4.05 dar 6.10 days 9.21 days 2.42 days 0.0158 A 1.10 A 1,16 M. Orbiral Pevied 1.51 daya 0.0293 AU 0.91 _ 0.77 M 0.0385 A 1.05 A Distance o Star0.0115 AU 1.12 1.02 0.0223 AU 0.78 Pianet Aodius 0.93 0.82 0.30 M 0.62 P 0.48 e Pianer Mass 1.02 Planet Density 0.73 0.88 0.96 a 0.93 0.85 Surface Grevity 0.81 Solar System Venus Earth Mercury 685, 365.26 as 1.000 A 1.00 R 1.00 M 87.97 deys 224.70 say Crbital Periat 1.5 0.387 AU 0.723 AU Distance to Star 0.38 0.95 Pianet Aadius 0.82 Planet Mass 0.06 M 0.95 1.00 0.98 Planet Density Surface Grevity 0.38 g 0.90 g 1.00 a 5. How do scientists analyze the TRAPPIST system? Write two key ideas.

JuI II LI e same aITount Ul LTe - 10 example, Earth orbits the Sun every 36 we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so clo change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to c TRAPPIST-1 System A 4.05 dar 6.10 days 9.21 days 2.42 days 0.0158 A 1.10 A 1,16 M. Orbiral Pevied 1.51 daya 0.0293 AU 0.91 _ 0.77 M 0.0385 A 1.05 A Distance o Star0.0115 AU 1.12 1.02 0.0223 AU 0.78 Pianet Aodius 0.93 0.82 0.30 M 0.62 P 0.48 e Pianer Mass 1.02 Planet Density 0.73 0.88 0.96 a 0.93 0.85 Surface Grevity 0.81 Solar System Venus Earth Mercury 685, 365.26 as 1.000 A 1.00 R 1.00 M 87.97 deys 224.70 say Crbital Periat 1.5 0.387 AU 0.723 AU Distance to Star 0.38 0.95 Pianet Aadius 0.82 Planet Mass 0.06 M 0.95 1.00 0.98 Planet Density Surface Grevity 0.38 g 0.90 g 1.00 a 5. How do scientists analyze the TRAPPIST system? Write two key ideas.

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
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Read the following text and diagram from NASA. NEW CLUES TO THE COMPOSITION OF TRAPPIST PLANETS The seven Earth-size planets of TRAPPIST-1 are all mostly made of rock, with some having the potential to hold more water than Earth, according to a new study published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The planets' densities, now known much more precisely than before, suggest that some planets could have up to 5 percent of their mass in water - which is 250 times more than the oceans on Earth. 呼。 The form that water would take on TRAPPIST-1 planets would depend on the amount of heat they receive from their star, which is a mere 9 percent as massive as our Sun. Planets closest to the star are more liketv to host water in the form of atmospheric vapor. while those farther awav may have water frozen on their surfaces as ice. TRAPPIST-1e is the rockiest planet of them all, but still is believed to have the potential to bost some liquid water. "We now know more about TRAPPIST-1 than any other planetary system apart from our own," said Sean Carey, manager of the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California, and co-author of the new study. "The improved densities in our study dramatically refine our understanding of the nature of these mysterious worlds." Since the extent of the system was revealed in February 2017, researchers have been working hard to better characterize these planets and collect more information about them. The new study offers better estimates than ever for the planets' densities. How do we know? Scientists are able to calculate the densities of the planets because they happen to be lined up such that when they pass in front of their star, our Earth- and space-based telescopes can detect a dimming of its light. This is called a transit. The amount by which the starlight dims is related to the radius of the planet. To get the density, scientists take advantage of what is called "transit timing variations." If there were no other gravitational forces on a transiting planet, it would alvays cross in front of its host star in the same amount of time- for example, Earth orbits the Sun every 365 days, which is how we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so close together, they change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations in orbital timing are used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to calculate density.
Transcribed Image Text:Read the following text and diagram from NASA. NEW CLUES TO THE COMPOSITION OF TRAPPIST PLANETS The seven Earth-size planets of TRAPPIST-1 are all mostly made of rock, with some having the potential to hold more water than Earth, according to a new study published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The planets' densities, now known much more precisely than before, suggest that some planets could have up to 5 percent of their mass in water - which is 250 times more than the oceans on Earth. 呼。 The form that water would take on TRAPPIST-1 planets would depend on the amount of heat they receive from their star, which is a mere 9 percent as massive as our Sun. Planets closest to the star are more liketv to host water in the form of atmospheric vapor. while those farther awav may have water frozen on their surfaces as ice. TRAPPIST-1e is the rockiest planet of them all, but still is believed to have the potential to bost some liquid water. "We now know more about TRAPPIST-1 than any other planetary system apart from our own," said Sean Carey, manager of the Spitzer Science Center at Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California, and co-author of the new study. "The improved densities in our study dramatically refine our understanding of the nature of these mysterious worlds." Since the extent of the system was revealed in February 2017, researchers have been working hard to better characterize these planets and collect more information about them. The new study offers better estimates than ever for the planets' densities. How do we know? Scientists are able to calculate the densities of the planets because they happen to be lined up such that when they pass in front of their star, our Earth- and space-based telescopes can detect a dimming of its light. This is called a transit. The amount by which the starlight dims is related to the radius of the planet. To get the density, scientists take advantage of what is called "transit timing variations." If there were no other gravitational forces on a transiting planet, it would alvays cross in front of its host star in the same amount of time- for example, Earth orbits the Sun every 365 days, which is how we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so close together, they change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations in orbital timing are used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to calculate density.
13. Il Liere were o other gravitational forces on a transiting planet, it would always cross in front of its host star in the same amount of time - for example, Earth orbits the Sun every 365 days, which is how we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so close together, they change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations in orbital timing are used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to calculate density. TRAPPIST-1 System 9.21 dep 12.36 dun 18.76 a 4.05 days 6.10 day 242 do 0.0158 A 1.10 A 1,16 M 0.0469 1.15 1.15 H_- 0.76 P 1.51 day 0.0385 AU 1.03 0.93 A Orbihal Peviod 0.0293 AU O0223 AU 0.78 0.30 M. 0.62 Pu 0.77 0.0115 AU 1.12 " 1.02 Otance e Sar 0.91 * 0.33 0.72 a Piaret Aodius 0.77 M Panet Masa 1.02 O.H2 0.55 0.73 0.88 0.85 0 0.87 #lanet Chensity 0.48 g 0.93 081 , 0.96 g furdace Grovity Solar System Mars Earth Venus Mercury 365.26 dai 224.70 tyt 87.97 deys 0.187 A 0.38 A 1.000 A 1.524 A 0.723 AU 0.53 A 0.11 M Durance to Sta 0.95 1.00 1.00 M. 1.00 Planet Aadius 色2 . 0.9 0.06 M 0.71 Planet Mass 0.98 Aanet Oensity Surface Growity 1.00 0.36 5. How do scientists analyze the TRAPPIST system? Write two key ideas. Work with a partner. Looking at Elements' Signatures
Transcribed Image Text:13. Il Liere were o other gravitational forces on a transiting planet, it would always cross in front of its host star in the same amount of time - for example, Earth orbits the Sun every 365 days, which is how we define one year. But because the TRAPPIST-1 planets are packed so close together, they change the timing of each other's "years" ever so slightly. Those variations in orbital timing are used to estimate the planets' masses. Then, mass and radius are used to calculate density. TRAPPIST-1 System 9.21 dep 12.36 dun 18.76 a 4.05 days 6.10 day 242 do 0.0158 A 1.10 A 1,16 M 0.0469 1.15 1.15 H_- 0.76 P 1.51 day 0.0385 AU 1.03 0.93 A Orbihal Peviod 0.0293 AU O0223 AU 0.78 0.30 M. 0.62 Pu 0.77 0.0115 AU 1.12 " 1.02 Otance e Sar 0.91 * 0.33 0.72 a Piaret Aodius 0.77 M Panet Masa 1.02 O.H2 0.55 0.73 0.88 0.85 0 0.87 #lanet Chensity 0.48 g 0.93 081 , 0.96 g furdace Grovity Solar System Mars Earth Venus Mercury 365.26 dai 224.70 tyt 87.97 deys 0.187 A 0.38 A 1.000 A 1.524 A 0.723 AU 0.53 A 0.11 M Durance to Sta 0.95 1.00 1.00 M. 1.00 Planet Aadius 色2 . 0.9 0.06 M 0.71 Planet Mass 0.98 Aanet Oensity Surface Growity 1.00 0.36 5. How do scientists analyze the TRAPPIST system? Write two key ideas. Work with a partner. Looking at Elements' Signatures
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