In a farmland irrigated by a system of pumps from wells, the area irrigated is 50 hectares. Water pumped from wells is conveyed through a canal to the farms. Efficiency of water conveyance is 85% and pumps work at 12 hours/day. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20cm per metre depth and the average root zone depth is 1m.Water application efficiency is 80%. Irrigation is started when moisture extraction level of 50% of available moisture is reached. Peak rate of moisture use by plants is 5mm. Calculate the irrigation period in days and total pumping capacity required in litres/minute.
Reservoir and Streamflow Routing
In hydrology, a reservoir is usually a natural pond that is enlarged or made using a dam to keep the water clean. Reservoirs or dams can be constructed in several ways, including controlling the existing watercourse, disrupting the watercourse to form embayment within it, by digging or building any number of retaining walls.
Water Resource Systems Analysis
Water resources are natural water sources that may be as useful as water sources. 97% of the world's water is saltwater and only 3% is pure water; just over two-thirds of this ice sheet is located in glaciers. The remaining pure frozen water is found primarily as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above the ground or in the air. Natural sources of freshwater include surface water, under river flow, groundwater, and ice water. Artificial water sources can include treated wastewater (recycled water) and saline seawater.
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