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i. Acctyl-CoA from carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism is first generated in the mitochondrion. Fatty acid biosynthesis, which uses acetyl-CoA, occurs in the cytosol. However, acetyl-CoA is impermeable to the mitochondrial membrane and cannot exit the mitochondrion as such. ii. To gain access to the enzymes of -oxidation, free fatty acids in the cytosol need to get into the mitochondrion. However, neither fatty acids nor their acyl-CoA thioesters can cross the mitochondrial membrane. iii. Pyruvate carboxylase is mitochondrial, whereas the subsequent enzymes of gluconcogencsis are cytoplasmic. This necessitates the transfer of the product, oxaloacetate, from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. However, oxaloacetate is impermcable to the mitochondrial membrane.

i. Acctyl-CoA from carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism is first generated in the mitochondrion. Fatty acid biosynthesis, which uses acetyl-CoA, occurs in the cytosol. However, acetyl-CoA is impermeable to the mitochondrial membrane and cannot exit the mitochondrion as such. ii. To gain access to the enzymes of -oxidation, free fatty acids in the cytosol need to get into the mitochondrion. However, neither fatty acids nor their acyl-CoA thioesters can cross the mitochondrial membrane. iii. Pyruvate carboxylase is mitochondrial, whereas the subsequent enzymes of gluconcogencsis are cytoplasmic. This necessitates the transfer of the product, oxaloacetate, from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. However, oxaloacetate is impermcable to the mitochondrial membrane.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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2. Below are listed three problems posed by mitochondrial-cytosolic compartmentation. In the space provided, outline how each problem is resolved in a eukaryotic cell. i. Acetyl-CoA from carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism is first generated in the mitochondrion. Fatty acid biosynthesis, which uses acetyl-CoA, occurs in the cytosol. However, acetyl-CoA is impermeable to the mitochondrial membrane and cannot exit the mitochondrion as such. ii. To gain access to the enzymes of -oxidation, free fatty acids in the cytosol need to get into the mitochondrion. However, neither fatty acids nor their acyl-CoA thioesters can cross the mitochondrial membrane. iii. Pyruvate carboxylase is mitochondrial, whereas the subsequent enzymes of gluconcogencsis are cytoplasmic. This necessitates the transfer of the product, oxaloacctate, from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. However, oxaloacctate is impermeable to the mitochondrial membranc.
Transcribed Image Text:2. Below are listed three problems posed by mitochondrial-cytosolic compartmentation. In the space provided, outline how each problem is resolved in a eukaryotic cell. i. Acetyl-CoA from carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism is first generated in the mitochondrion. Fatty acid biosynthesis, which uses acetyl-CoA, occurs in the cytosol. However, acetyl-CoA is impermeable to the mitochondrial membrane and cannot exit the mitochondrion as such. ii. To gain access to the enzymes of -oxidation, free fatty acids in the cytosol need to get into the mitochondrion. However, neither fatty acids nor their acyl-CoA thioesters can cross the mitochondrial membrane. iii. Pyruvate carboxylase is mitochondrial, whereas the subsequent enzymes of gluconcogencsis are cytoplasmic. This necessitates the transfer of the product, oxaloacctate, from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. However, oxaloacctate is impermeable to the mitochondrial membranc.
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